不对称故障下基于模型预测控制和谐振控制器的构网型变流器故障穿越方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.251571

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Abstract Grid-forming（GFM）converters under asymmetric faults generate significant fault currents, where negative-sequence components impair system control. Traditional virtual-impedance-based current suppression alters system-wide equivalent impedance and affects steady-state current, thereby limiting dynamic reactive power support during fault ride-through（FRT). Moreover, conventional methods require additional negative-sequence extraction, increasing complexity. This paper proposes an FRT strategy combining model predictive control（MPC）with a resonant controller. The method suppresses transient currents under both symmetrical and asymmetrical faults through coordinated control, without affecting steady-state performance, enabling faster reactive power response. Under steady state, it achieves flexible control objectives by adjusting negative-sequence voltage references via a multivariable cost function without explicit sequence extraction. Validation on a 3.5 kW grid-connected experimental platform confirms its effectiveness.
The system behavior under asymmetrical faults is first analyzed. At the instant of fault occurrence, the voltage difference between the terminal voltage and the grid voltage induces a large fault current, which consists of a decaying DC offset and a steady-state AC component, as derived from a first-order differential equation. Under steady-state fault conditions, positive-and negative-sequence grid voltage components generate negative-sequence current, and their interaction introduces double-frequency oscillations in the output power.
To ensure that the voltage reference output by the VSG does not contain negative-sequence components, a notch filter is applied to the feedback power. Based on the DC characteristic of the transient current, a high-pass filter in the synchronous reference frame extracts the transient component, which is then fed back to the positive-sequence capacitor voltage reference through a resonant controller. This transient suppression strategy is effective under both symmetrical and asymmetrical faults. In steady-state operation, this paper sets four control objectives under asymmetric fault conditions: no negative-sequence current; absorb negative-sequence reactive current; constant reactive power; and constant active power. The relationship between the output negative-sequence terminal voltage and the grid voltage is derived. Using the extracted positive-and negative-sequence components of the grid voltage, the corresponding negative-sequence voltage references are computed and then converted into current references. All voltage and current references are incorporated into a unified multivariable cost function in the stationary frame, where the optimal voltage vector is selected to drive the inverter. The proposed method only needs to modify the reference value of the negative-sequence component. It does not need to extract the positive-and negative-sequence components of the feedback signal, thereby simplifying the control structure.
Experimental comparisons with a virtual-resistance-based FRT method show that, under an 80% single-phase voltage dip, the proposed strategy achieves a reactive power response time of 40 ms, compared to 70 ms with the virtual-resistance method. During grid restoration, the active power response time is 50 ms, significantly shorter than the 150 ms of the conventional method. Under steady-state testing, the proposed strategy fulfills the four control objectives, as evidenced by improvements in grid current unbalance, negative-sequence reactive current, and deviations in active and reactive power.

Key words： Model predictive control（MPC) grid-forming（FGM）converter virtual synchronous generator（VSG) fault ride-through（FRT) asymmetrical fault

Received: 09 September 2025

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	Jiang Tao
	Zhang Yongchang

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Jiang Tao,Zhang Yongchang. Fault Ride-Through Method for Grid-Forming Converters Based on Model Predictive Control and Resonant Control Under Asymmetrical Fault[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2026, 41(16): 5609-5621.

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