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| Accuracy Analysis of the Method for Locating Internal Discharge Points of Insulating Materials in Laboratory Partial Discharge Experiment Based on Electric Field Inversion |
| Zhao Li1, Cheng Yangchun1, Yang Ziqi2, Cao Ronghao1, Xu Hanwei1, Zhang Jiaxuan1 |
1. Beijing Key Laboratory of High Voltage & EMC North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China;
2. State Grid Shanghai Pudong Electric Power Supply Company Shanghai 200120 China |
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Abstract Solid insulating materials (such as oil impregnated paperboard, cross-linked polyethylene, silicone rubber) are prone to produce partial discharge (PD) under strong electric field for a long time, forming electrical trees and eventually causing electrical breakdown. The study of the growth pattern of electrical tree is crucial for improving the PD resistance of materials, quantifying the severity of defects and predicting the insulation life. However, the existing PD monitoring techniques can only qualitatively determine the presence of defects, but cannot measure the size of electrical tree or predict the service lifetime, resulting in frequent insulation failures; laboratory studies are also limited by the lack of methods to locate the discharge points. To solve this problem, the authors previously proposed a method based on the boundary electric field inversion of the discharge point location, using a one-dimensional electrode array to locate the carbonization trace of paperboard, with an accuracy of 0.35 mm, but the positioning dimension is limited (two-dimensional) and the vertical error is as high as 1 mm. This study proposes a two-dimensional planar boundary electric field measurement system on the basis of the existing technique based on the boundary electric field inversion of the field source charge, and investigates the accuracy of this method for locating the charge points.
Firstly, a simplified electrostatic field calculation model was constructed for the multi-layer dielectric scene in partial discharge experiment, and the forward calculation of electrostatic field was realized. Secondly, a spatial searching problem was constructed to invert the position of the partial discharge legacy charge using the matched-point electric field ratio measurements and the forward computational model. Thirdly, the characteristics of the objective function of the optimization problem were analyzed, as well as the accuracy and the ability of the particle swarm algorithm withstand random noise. Besides, the electric field measurement system of matching points distributed on the two-dimensional plane was constructed, and the discharge point location method was established combined with particle swarm optimization algorithm. Finally, the accuracy of this method for field source charge location was determined through high voltage corona discharge experiment and grating ruler.
In summary, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) The objective function of the optimization problem constructed by using the ratio of the voltage signals of the measuring electrodes on the two-dimensional plane as the characteristic quantity of the matching point has only a single extreme value within the search range, and there is no obvious local optimal solution; the particle swarm search algorithm can achieve the accurate localization of the field source charge, and the algorithm itself has an error of approximately 1 nm. (2) With the increase of white noise in the measuring signals, the overall error of the field source charge localization is linearly rising. When the noise is less than 3%, the positioning error in each direction is less than 0.05 mm; even if the noise reaches 10%, the overall positioning error average is only 0.2 mm. (3) Through the laboratory discharge experiments and the use of a scale to measure the moving distance of the discharge source, when the tip of the high-voltage electrode is 2 mm away from the surface of the insulating material, and the discharge amount of 1 500~1 800 pC, the average positioning error of the field source charge positioning method is about 0.168 mm in the xOy plane, less than 0.5 mm in z-axis direction is, and about 0.19 mm in three-dimensional space.
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Received: 06 June 2025
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2026, Vol. 41 
