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| Design of an LCL-Coupled Three-Port DC-DC Converter for PV-Storage-Load Systems and Its Dynamic Energy Modulation Strategy |
| Yang Yuqing1, Xu Song1, Nie Pengqiang1, Jiang Wei2 |
1. School of Automation Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212000 China;
2. College of Intelligent Manufacturing Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute Yangzhou 225000 China |
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Abstract With carbon peaking, carbon neutrality goals, and the new energy system transformation, this paper focuses on the key technologies of isolated/non-isolated DC power conversion and transmission among photovoltaic (PV), energy storage, and loads. This paper proposed an LCL-coupled three-port DC-DC converter for PV-storage-load systems and its dynamic modulation strategy. The proposed topology integrates a unified interface for “PV-storage-load” functionality. It employs an LCL coupling network to combine non-isolated DC power transmission with isolated wireless power transfer (WPT). The energy transfer between the PV system and the energy storage system relies on non-isolated DC power transmission, and the energy transfer from the PV-storage to the load is realized through isolated wireless power transmission. This system employs an LCL-LCL resonant coupling topology. On the primary side, a dual-half-bridge topology is employed to achieve dual-port excitation of the resonant network, enabling flexible access to PV and storage via the dual-half-bridge ports. The secondary side employs a full-bridge uncontrolled rectifier to convert the LCL-coupled AC wireless energy into DC, enabling isolated power delivery to the load.
The system's working state is defined by the power relations among PV, storage, and load. (1) SIDO Mode: The output power of the PV system is greater than the load power consumption. In this case, the battery operates as an energy storage unit to store the excess electricity generated by the PV system. At this point, the current at the battery port is negative. (2) DISO Mode: The output power of the PV system is insufficient to meet the load power consumption. In this scenario, the battery serves as an energy supplement to supply the required electricity. At this point, the current at the battery port is positive. (3) SISO Mode: This operating mode simulates the nighttime condition where the PV system is unable to generate electricity. Under this condition, the load power consumption is borne by the battery. These working states have been analyzed in detail based on the dynamic state waves of the switching cycle.
The system's operating modes under varying power demands and supplies across its PV, storage, and load ports were analyzed. Based on the variation patterns of key topological parameters within a switching cycle, dynamic characteristic equations were established for the DC power transmission feature variables and the wireless power transmission core variables. A dynamic power-flow modulation strategy integrated with a PV maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm was designed. This control strategy achieved MPPT on the PV port, controlled the DC power between the PV and energy storage ports, and regulated the wireless power supplied to the load.
A simulation model in the PSIM environment and an experimental platform using the dsPIC33FJ64GS606 digital controller were built. Open-loop and closed-loop simulations and experiments were conducted. The experimental results show that the proposed topology can achieve non-isolated DC power transfer between PV and storage, along with isolated WPT power transfer to the DC load. It exhibits excellent robustness under parameter fluctuations such as load variations and PV switching. The system achieves an efficiency exceeding 80%. The proposed topology and the control strategy are verified.
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Received: 06 June 2025
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2026, Vol. 41 
