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| A Speed Observation Method for Supersonic Linear Induction Motors Based on Multivariate Voltage Feature Extraction |
| Xu Fei1,2,3, Jiang Xinyu1,2, Fan Manyi1,2,3, Shi Liming1,2,3, Li Zixin1,2,3 |
1. Key Laboratory of High Density Electromagnetic Power and Systems Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China;
3. Institute of Electrical Engineering and Advanced Electromagnetic Drive Technology QILU ZHONGKE Jinan 250100 China |
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Abstract Linear induction motors (LIMs) offer the advantages of a simple mover design, ease of modularization, and the elimination of transmission mechanisms, making them ideal for ground-based high-speed electromagnetic testing facilities and aerospace electromagnetic launch systems. However, when LIMs operate at supersonic speeds (around 340 m/s at altitudes below 100 m and temperatures below 30℃), unsteady aerodynamic forces caused by shock waves create severe disturbances to the mover. This disruption can interfere with speed and position sensing devices, leading to failures in motor speed control.
This paper presents a speed observation method for LIMs based on extracting multivariate voltage features. First, a piecewise function is used to fuse the dq-axis voltages from adjacent segmented stators, thereby removing the inherent DC bias in individual stator voltages and reconstructing continuous speed profiles of the LIM mover. Second, by analyzing voltage variations during segmented stator switching, the method dynamically extracts parameters for the speed observer, reducing reliance on precise motor parameters. Lastly, a weighted fusion algorithm for the dq-axis observed speeds is developed to improve accuracy by adaptively adjusting weighting coefficients. The proposed approach is practical under high-speed and high acceleration/deceleration conditions. However, it has limitations during coasting and low-speed operations that do not significantly affect speed observations at supersonic speeds.
The proposed method is validated through Matlab/Simulink simulation and high-speed experiment. Simulation results indicate that errors in high-speed and average-speed measurements are less than 8% under high-speed and high-acceleration/deceleration conditions. Experimental results reveal an average error of less than 1.1% compared to sensor measurements. Both simulation and experimental data confirm that accurate speed observation is achievable during supersonic operation.
The following conclusions are drawn from the simulation and experimental analysis. (1) Compared to traditional single-segment methods, the proposed approach that combines information from adjacent stator segments can achieve continuous speed characteristics. (2) The method uses voltage variation characteristics at switching points to lessen dependence on precise parameters. (3) The dq-axis speed observation weighted fusion algorithm improves the accuracy of speed observation. (4) The proposed method is suitable for high-speed and high-acceleration/deceleration scenarios, but it has limitations at low speeds or during coasting. Overall, the proposed method effectively reduces the impact of unpredictable shockwave disturbances on speed measurement, paving the way for disturbance suppression in LIMs operating at even higher speeds.
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Received: 15 July 2025
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2026, Vol. 41 
