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| Review of Research on Electromagnetic Vibration and Noise of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor |
| Song Chenglin1,2, Wu Zhipeng1,2, Li Ming1, Deng Wenzhe3 |
1. College of Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 China;
2. Qingdao CCS Electric Corporation Qingdao 266000 China;
3. School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Anhui University Hefei 230601 China |
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Abstract Due to their high efficiency, high power density, and high torque density, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have been widely used as the main drive motors in electric propulsion systems across high-end equipment fields, including electric vehicles, marine vessels, aerospace, robotics, and construction machinery. However, as the electromagnetic load and rotational speed increase, electromagnetic vibration and noise in PMSMs become increasingly pronounced. On the one hand, electromagnetic vibrations with large amplitudes can impact the fatigue life of critical components such as bearings. On the other hand, electromagnetic noise with high sound pressure levels can cause severe noise pollution, adversely affecting the comfort of the working environment. Consequently, the vibroacoustic performance has become one of the most critical evaluation indicators for PMSMs. This paper provides a detailed review of recent research on the electromagnetic vibration and noise of PMSMs. It summarizes and analyzes the topic from several key aspects, including electromagnetic excitation, vibroacoustic mechanism, prediction methods, influencing factors, and control methods. This paper can serve as a reference for the design and development of high-vibroacoustic- performance PMSMs.
In fact, the essence of electromagnetic vibration and noise lies in the structural modal response of the motor under the influence of electromagnetic forces. Therefore, the vibroacoustic performance of PMSMs is directly determined by the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of these electromagnetic forces, which vary with both time and spatial position. Generally, electromagnetic forces with low spatial orders contribute more significantly to electromagnetic vibration and noise. However, due to the stator teeth modulation effect, higher-order electromagnetic forces can also excite lower-order motor modes, resulting in significant electromagnetic vibration and noise.
Due to the multiphysics nonlinear coupling, accurate numerical prediction of electromagnetic vibration and noise has been a research focus. The key to accurately predicting electromagnetic vibration and noise lies in the loading of electromagnetic forces and the equivalent structural modeling of the motor. To ensure the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics remain unchanged, the electromagnetic forces can be transferred from the electromagnetic mesh to the structural mesh using the node force mapping method. In addition, since the stator core and windings are discontinuous elastomers, anisotropic equivalent structural models can be developed to capture their modal characteristics accurately. Hence, electromagnetic vibration and noise can be calculated using the modal superposition method and the boundary element method, respectively.
Previous studies show that pole/slot combinations, current harmonics, and non-uniform air gaps are the primary factors influencing electromagnetic vibration and noise. By altering spatial orders, frequency characteristics, and amplitudes of electromagnetic forces, these factors affect the frequency and amplitude of electromagnetic vibration and noise peaks. Additionally, due to the large magnetostrictive coefficient, the magnetostrictive effect significantly influences the vibroacoustic performance of amorphous alloy motors.
Based on the implementation principles, electromagnetic vibration and noise suppression methods can be classified into two categories: control strategy improvement and structural modification. Current harmonics can be effectively suppressed by improving the control strategy. However, the control parameters are prone to being influenced by the motor's electromagnetic parameters. Compared with control strategy improvement, structural modification, including modal planning and electromagnetic force optimization, offers simpler processes, lower costs, and more reliable suppression.
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Received: 20 March 2025
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2026, Vol. 41 
