多相Buck变换器功率器件复合开路故障诊断方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.242229

Abstract
Figure/Table
References
Related Citation (15)

Download: PDF (8998 KB) HTML (1 KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract Multi-phase interleaved parallel Buck converters are susceptible to compound open-circuit faults (simultaneous failures in two or more phases) under high-intensity operating conditions. However, existing fault diagnosis methods utilizing inductive current observers can determine the number of faulty phases but encounter difficulties in accurately isolating multi-phase fault information from coupled outputs, especially under load uncertainty, which often leads to misdiagnosis and missed faults. This paper proposes a compound open-circuit fault diagnosis method for multi-phase Buck converters based on an unknown fault input observer (UFIO).
A three-phase interleaved parallel Buck converter serves as the research object, where output voltage and load current are sampled, and the UFIO is employed to achieve decoupling and reconstruction of each phase's inductor current. First, the converter's fault model is established, incorporating both power device faults and load uncertainty. Next, precise separation of each phase's inductor current information is accomplished through scenario-specific observer gain matrix design. Finally, adaptive load parameter estimation enables the recon- struction of per-phase inductor currents, facilitating subsequent fault detection and identification.
The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed observer accurately and efficiently tracks variations in the system state during both power transients and steady-state operation. Experimental validation is performed under three distinct scenarios, including no fault, single open-circuit fault (OCF2), and compound open-circuit fault (OCF23), with load jump conditions employed to assess diagnostic performance across different fault conditions. The experimental results indicate that the diagnostic results are free from false alarms under normal conditions. The single open-circuit fault flag is accurately set within two switching cycles (approximately 35 μs) after the occurrence of OCF2. Additionally, the composite open-circuit fault flag is accurately set within two switching cycles (approximately 38.4 μs) after the occurrence of OCF23, with no misdiagnosis in any other fault flags. Further comparison reveals that the OCF23 diagnosis time is approximately 37.7 μs without considering load adaptation, and there is a time difference of 0.7 μs compared with 38.4 μs considering load adaptation, which has a marginal impact on the overall rapidity of fault diagnosis. Although the introduction of load parameter adaptation slightly increases diagnosis time, it effectively addresses the issues of fault leakage and misdiagnosis caused by power transients, thereby improving diagnosis accuracy.
The simulation and experimental results show that: (1) The proposed fault diagnosis method utilizes the UFIO to reconstruct per-phase inductor currents, achieving the dynamic tracking of the inductor current state under uncertain load changes and input voltage fluctuations. (2) The proposed fault diagnosis method localizes the single open-circuit faults and composite open-circuit faults under the variable-load condition in less than two switching cycles. (3) The proposed fault diagnosis method is based on the design of system model construction and observer decoupling, which can be extended to other power electronic topology objects.

Key words： Power devices open circuit fault diagnosis unknown fault input observer (UFIO) fault phase decoupling

Received: 15 May 2025

PACS:

TM46

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors
	Lu Weiguo
	He Qing
	Bai Yue
	Ma Le
	Zhang Huaiqing

Cite this article:

Lu Weiguo,He Qing,Bai Yue等. Converter Compound Open Circuit Fault Diagnosis Method for Power Devices of Multi-Phase Buck Converter[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(24): 8080-8092.

URL:

https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.242229 OR https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/Y2025/V40/I24/8080

[1] 王涛, 赵丛森, 谭长成, 等. 多相交错并联DC-DC变换器在相电感偏差时的电流重构策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(14): 4567-4583.
Wang Tao, Zhao Congsen, Tan Changcheng, et al.Multi phase interleaved DC-DC converter under phase inductance deviation current reconstruction strategy[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(14): 4567-4583.
[2] 张理, 韩民晓, 范溢文. 多相堆叠交错并联制氢变换器控制策略与特性分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(2): 485-495.
Zhang Li, Han Minxiao, Fan Yiwen.Control strategy and characteristic analysis of multi-phase stacked interleaved Buck converter for hydrogen production[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(2): 485-495.
[3] 刘泽, 周国华, 何英杰, 等. 两相交错并联Buck变换器集成磁器件多维度建模与多目标优化[J/OL]. 电工技术学报, 2025: 1-13[2025-05-10]. DOI: 10. 19595/j.cnki.1000- 6753.tces.242241.
Liu Ze, Zhou Guohua, He Yingjie, et al. Multidi- mensional modeling and multi-objective optimization of integrated magnetic device for two-phase inter- leaved Buck converter[J/OL]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025: 1-13[2025-05-10]. DOI: 10.19595/j. cnki.1000- 6753.tces.242241.
[4] 罗朋, 潘锦超, 洪濬哲, 等. 用于直流微电网的高升压变换器设计及效率优化[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(20): 5530-5546.
Luo Peng, Pan Jinchao, Hong Junzhe, et al.Design and efficiency optimization of a high step-up con- verter for DC microgird[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(20): 5530-5546.
[5] 王晓姬, 王道涵, 王柄东, 等. 电动汽车驱动/充电一体化系统及其控制策略综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(22): 5940-5958.
Wang Xiaoji, Wang Daohan, Wang Shuangdong, et al.A review of drive-charging integrated systems and control strategies for electric vehicles[J]. Transa- ctions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(22): 5940-5958.
[6] Kirshenboim O, Peretz M M.High-efficiency nonisolated converter with very high step-down conversion ratio[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2017, 32(5): 3683-3690.
[7] 郭小强, 魏玉鹏, 万燕鸣, 等. 新能源制氢电力电子变换器综述[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2021, 45(20): 185-199.
Guo Xiaoqiang, Wei Yupeng, Wan Yanming, et al.Review on power electronic converters for producing hydrogen from renewable energy sources[J]. Auto- mation of Electric Power Systems, 2021, 45(20): 185-199.
[8] 魏新港. Buck变换器关键器件非侵入式健康状态监测与故障预警[D]. 北京: 北京交通大学, 2022.
Wei Xingang.Noninvasive health state monitoring and fault early warning for key devices of Buck converter[D]. Beijing: Beijing Jiaotong University, 2022.
[9] 许水清, 黄文展, 何怡刚, 等. 基于自适应滑模观测器的中点钳位型三电平并网逆变器开路故障诊断[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(4): 1010-1022.
Xu Shuiqing, Huang Wenzhan, He Yigang, et al.Open-circuit fault diagnosis method of neutral point clamped three-level grid-connected inverter based on adaptive sliding mode observer[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(4): 1010-1022.
[10] de Lacerda A L, da Silva E R C. Study of failures in a three-phase active neutral point clamped rectifier: Short-circuit and open-circuit faults[C]//2015 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Montreal, QC, Canada, 2015: 4773-4780.
[11] Li Chuanfeng, Yu Yang, Tang Tingyan, et al.A robust open-circuit fault diagnosis method for three- phase interleaved Boost converter[J]. IEEE Transa- ctions on Power Electronics, 2022, 37(9): 11187-11198.
[12] Gupta A K, Kumar M.Characterization and switch localization of three-phase interleaved Buck converter under open-circuit faults[C]//2022 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES), Jaipur, India, 2022: 1-6.
[13] Gupta A K, Kumar M.Characterization and locali- zation of open circuit faults for n-phase interleaved Buck converter[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2024, 60(2): 3273-3283.
[14] Wei Hongqian, Zhang Youtong, Yu Lei, et al.A new diagnostic algorithm for multiple IGBTs open circuit faults by the phase currents for power inverter in electric vehicles[J]. Energies, 2018, 11(6): 1508.
[15] 董丽燕, 李雪刚, 傅博, 等. 基于模型预测控制的电动汽车直流充电桩功率器件开路故障诊断方法[J]. 电工技术, 2023(15): 41-46.
Dong Liyan, Li Xuegang, Fu Bo, et al.An open- circuit fault diagnosis method for EV DC charging pile power device based on model predictive control[J]. Electric Engineering, 2023(15): 41-46.
[16] 白志红, 蒋守赞, 郭咏春. 基于双重滑模观测器的MMC开关管开路故障诊断与定位策略[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2024, 48(14): 147-156.
Bai Zhihong, Jiang Shouzan, Guo Yongchun.Open- circuit fault diagnosis and location strategy of switches in modular multilevel converter based on dual sliding mode observers[J]. Automation of Elec- tric Power Systems, 2024, 48(14): 147-156.
[17] 周健耀, 王天真, 韩金刚, 等. 一种特定系数小波重构数据增强逆变器故障诊断方法[J/OL]. 电源学报, 2023: 1-12[2025-05-10]. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/detail/12.1420. TM.2023074.1713.002.html.
Zhou Jianyao, Wang Tianzhen, Han Jingang, et al. Fault diagnosis method for inverter based on data augmentation with specific coefficients wavelet reconstruction[J/OL]. Journal of Power Supply, 2023: 1-12[2025-05-10]. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/detail/12.1420.TM.2023074.1713.002.html.
[18] 张鹏, 刘洋, 王伟康, 等. 基于模型预测控制的多相交错Buck变换器动态响应优化方法[J/OL]. 电源学报, 2023: 1-13[2025-05-10]. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/12.1420.tm.20230822.0908.002.
Zhang Peng, Liu Yang, Wang Weikang, et al. Dynamic response optimization method for multi- phase interleaved Buck converter based on model predictive control[J/OL]. Journal of Power Supply, 2023: 1-13[2025-05-10]. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/12.1420.tm.20230822.0908.002.
[19] 黄红杰, 皇金锋, 周杰. 基于有限时间观测器的两级式储能变流器改进滑模自抗扰控制[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(1): 178-189.
Huang Hongjie, Huang Jinfeng, Zhou Jie.Two-stage power conversion system based on finite time observer[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(1): 178-189.
[20] 于新红, 操建生, 许立斌, 等. 基于自适应线性扩张状态观测器的双有源桥变换器无模型预测电压控制[J]. 高电压技术, 2024, 50(9): 4184-4194.
Yu Xinhong, Guan Jiansheng, Xu Libin, et al.Model- free predictive voltage control of dual active bridge converter based on adaptive linear extended state observer[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2024, 50(9): 4184-4194.
[21] Li Po, Li Xiang, Zeng Tao.A fast and simple fault diagnosis method for interleaved DC-DC converters based on output voltage analysis[J]. Electronics, 2021, 10(12): 1451.
[22] 巫庆辉, 申世伟, 成凯, 等. 三相交错并联Buck变换器的高阶滑模自抗扰控制[J/OL]. 电力系统及其自动化学报, 2024: 1-8[2025-05-10]. DOI: 10.19635/ j.cnki.csuepsa.001530.
Wu Qinghui, Shen Shiwei, Cheng Kai, et al. High order sliding mode active disturbance rejection control for three-phase staggered parallel Buck con- verter[J/OL]. Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA, 2024: 1-8[2025-05-10]. DOI: 10.19635/j.cnki.csuepsa.001530.
[23] 黄澄扬. 基于太阳能电池组件失配的户用型光伏发电系统的研究[D]. 扬州: 扬州大学, 2014.
Huang Chengyang.The research for mismatched PV modules in a household PV generation system[D]. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2014.
[24] Wassinger N, Penovi E, Retegui R G, et al.Open- circuit fault identification method for interleaved converters based on time-domain analysis of the state observer residual[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2019, 34(4): 3740-3749.
[25] Guezmil A, Berriri H, Pusca R, et al.Unknown input observer-based fault diagnosis in induction machine: theory and experiment[J]. Electric Power Components and Systems, 2018, 46(11/12): 1351-1363.
[26] 李宁, 李颖晖, 朱喜华, 等. 混杂系统理论及其在三相逆变电路开路故障诊断中的应用[J]. 电工技术学报, 2014, 29(6): 114-119.
Li Ning, Li Yinghui, Zhu Xihua, et al.Fault diagnosis for power electronic circuits based on mixed logic dynamic model and incident identification vector[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2014, 29(6): 114-119.
[27] 张建成, 朱芳来. 匹配条件不满足时线性系统未知输入观测器设计[J]. 控制理论与应用, 2017, 34(4): 441-448.
Zhang Jiancheng, Zhu Fanglai.Linear system unknown input observer design when the observer matching condition is not satisfied[J]. Control Theory & Applications, 2017, 34(4): 441-448.