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| A Review of Typical Forms and Participation Models of Electricity-Hydrogen Synergy in the Context of Electricity-Carbon-Green Certificate Markets |
| Hong Lucheng1, Wang Ziqiu1, Lin Jin2, Zhu Jin1, Yuan Xiaodong3 |
1. School of Electrical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China;
2. Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China;
3. State Grid Electric Power Research Institute of Jiangsu Province Nanjing 211103 China |
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Abstract Against the backdrop of global climate change and energy transition, hydrogen energy has gained widespread attention for its high energy density and environmentally friendly characteristics. As a crucial pathway to achieving a low-carbon economy, the coordinated development of electricity and hydrogen is becoming a focal point of energy policies worldwide. Furthermore, the integration of electricity, carbon, and green certificate markets amidst the ongoing low-carbon transformation of the power sector has created new value opportunities for electricity-hydrogen collaboration. This study investigates typical forms and participation models of electricity-hydrogen coordination in the context of these interconnected markets.
The research begins by examining the transaction frameworks of the electricity, carbon, and green certificate markets and their synergistic interactions. An analysis of the current development status of these markets highlights several challenges, such as the differentiation and interconnection of market products, the accounting of indirect CO2 emissions, and the issue of overlapping environmental values. These challenges reduce market transparency and limit the participation of emerging entities like electricity-hydrogen projects. By summarizing existing measures, the study reveals how green electricity-hydrogen projects can unlock greater potential by selecting suitable products and actively participating in market transactions, thereby contributing to energy transition and low-carbon economic growth.
Next, the study explores typical application scenarios and values of electricity-hydrogen coordination across power system generation, grid, and load sectors. On the generation side, hydrogen can support renewable energy integration through hydrogen production and enable the transformation of traditional units via ammonia blending in coal power and hydrogen blending in gas power. On the grid side, hydrogen storage systems can alleviate transmission and distribution bottlenecks, while diversified hydrogen storage and transportation methods facilitate long-term, cross-regional energy balancing. On the load side, electricity-hydrogen collaboration promotes efficient energy utilization and carbon reduction across sectors such as chemicals, steel, transportation, and rural areas.
The feasibility of electricity-hydrogen participation in electricity, carbon, and green certificate markets is then analyzed, and corresponding participation models are proposed. Based on the coupling relationships between electricity-hydrogen, carbon-hydrogen, and green certificates-hydrogen, the study establishes an integrated framework for these markets. From the perspective of the electricity market, it develops a pathway diagram for electricity-hydrogen coordination, outlining the roles and revenue mechanisms in different application scenarios across generation, grid, and load sectors, accompanied by recommendations for matching mechanisms. In the carbon market, scenarios involving ammonia blending in coal power and processes in steel and chemical industries can generate income through carbon quota trading once incorporated into regulatory frameworks. Other projects meeting principles of authenticity, uniqueness, and additionality can apply for CCER (Chinese certified emission reduction) for compensation. In the green certificate market, the combination of green power and green certificates is considered a critical development pathway. Projects should develop optimized trading strategies by considering the prices and cycles of the carbon market and green certificate market to maximize economic benefits.
Finally, the study addresses the challenges faced by electricity-hydrogen coordination in a market-driven environment, offering several recommendations. These include accelerating the research and implementation of key technologies, advancing the comprehensive deployment of electricity-hydrogen applications, enhancing market alignment and trading mechanisms, and promoting the standardization of green hydrogen certification and transactions. These measures aim to provide valuable insights for researchers and drive the widespread adoption and sustainable development of hydrogen energy.
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Received: 25 October 2024
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2025, Vol. 40 
