考虑延时响应资源与变参数VSG的源荷储协调频率支撑控制策略

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.250814

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Abstract

The ability of wind power to provide frequency support to the grid differs across various wind speed conditions. When the system encounters faults that exceed the frequency support capabilities of synchronous generators and wind power resources, it becomes essential to enhance the system frequency support strength by integrating independent energy storage stations and interruptible loads. Power-side response resources can offer real-time frequency support to the system. However, independent energy storage stations and interruptible loads require specific scheduling instructions to participate in frequency support, resulting in a certain degree of delay. Typically, independent energy storage stations provide frequency support in a constant power mode, necessitating a certain response time to reach rated operating conditions after receiving dispatch instructions. In contrast, interruptible loads can respond immediately upon receiving scheduling instructions, exhibiting a step response characteristic. Prior to the activation of independent energy storage stations and interruptible loads, several steps must be completed, including data acquisition, system fault diagnosis, command issuance, and data communication. Delays in this process can significantly affect the system frequency dynamics. Therefore, to ensure effective coordination and control of resources such as source, load, and storage following a fault, it is crucial to develop a system frequency response model that accommodates various frequency support entities.
To enhance the frequency support capabilities of wind power-integrated systems, this paper investigates a coordinated control strategy involving synchronous generators, wind power, independent energy storage stations, and interruptible loads when they collectively contribute to frequency support under frequency security constraints. Firstly, we propose a variable parameter virtual synchronous machine control strategy aimed at suppressing secondary drops. This strategy dynamically adjusts control parameters based on the operational status of the wind turbine to mitigate the impact of speed recovery on system frequency. Secondly, we derive an analytical expression for system frequency that considers the frequency support characteristics of source-load-storage systems, and we analyze the effects of independent energy storage stations and interruptible loads on the frequency response dynamics. Next, we segment and linearize the frequency nadir constraint based on the system frequency response model that incorporates multiple resource contributors. Using this linear frequency security constraint, we propose a coordinated control strategy for source-load-storage in power systems. Finally, we validate the proposed control strategy through simulations of an improved IEEE 39-bus system and a provincial power grid case, demonstrating its effectiveness in coordinating resources such as generators, loads, and energy storage stations to provide frequency support while ensuring system frequency stability.
Through simulation analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) The variable parameter VSG control proposed in this paper provides adequate frequency support during the initial phase of fault occurrence. After reaching a designated time, the control parameters are gradually reduced, allowing the wind turbine to transition smoothly into the speed recovery state, which helps minimize the amplitude of the secondary frequency drop. (2) The SFR model, which accounts for delayed response resources, demonstrates minimal calculation errors in predicting the maximum frequency deviation across various frequency dynamic processes. The frequency dynamics observed following disturbances closely align with actual engineering results. (3) The coordinated source-load-storage control strategy introduced in this paper is designed to minimize the compensation required from delayed response resources. The frequency nadir constraint is dynamically linearized based on different frequency dynamics and incorporated into the model to determine the necessary switching amounts for independent energy storage stations and interruptible loads across various scenarios, all while ensuring the security of the system's frequency.

Key words： Frequency security variable parameter VSG control secondary drop independent energy storage station interruptible load

Received: 18 May 2025

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TM743

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	Zhang Chao
	Wen Yunfeng
	Liao Bangkun
	Wang Lu
	Yu Haifeng

Cite this article:

Zhang Chao,Wen Yunfeng,Liao Bangkun等. A Coordinated Frequency Support Control Strategy for Source-Load-Storage Considering Delayed Response Resources and Variable Parameter VSG[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 20250841-20250841.

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