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| Arc-Over Phenomenon and Inhibition Measures when DC Molded Case Circuit Breaker is Breaking |
| Li Jing1, Gao Wanrui1, Duan Wei1, Liu Shuxin1, Yu Longbin2 |
1. Key Lab of Special Electric Machine and High Voltage Apparatus School of Electrical Engineering Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang 110870 China;
2. State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Research Institute Shenyang 110006 China |
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Abstract With the continuous development of the domestic photovoltaic industry, DC distribution technology is becoming increasingly sophisticated, and the capacity of DC transmission is increasing, which leads to stricter requirements for the switchgear used in DC transmission. A DC-molded case circuit breaker (DCMCCB), as a protection device in the photovoltaic power generation system, is mainly installed in the DC combiner box and DC distribution cabinet to provide over-current and isolation protection for the circuit. Most of the DCMCCB used are improved by AC molded case circuit breakers (AC-MCCB). In actual operation, when the current breaking level is too large, an arc-over phenomenon is likely to occur. Therefore, restraining the arc-over phenomenon has become an urgent problem.
According to the actual product, the experiment platform of the arc chamber is built. The arc flies out of the arc chamber when the arc with a high current is broken under a constant magnetic field. A magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model is established considering the arc's Archimedean force (buoyancy), and the arc-over phenomenon is analyzed. The causes of the arc-over phenomenon are as follows: (1) The structure of the arc chamber causes the reverse airflow vortex at the corner of the arc runner to inhibit the upward extension of the arc column, and the buoyancy of high energy arc cannot play its full role. As a result, the arc column enters the splitter plates in advance, and the utilization rate of splitter plates decreases. The lower part of the arc rapidly flies out of the splitter plates under the action of strong Lorentz force. (2) Due to the large Lorentz force of the high-energy arc, the heat exchange time between the arc and the splitter plates is short after the arc is cut, and the heat cannot dissipate timely. The arc running to the tail of the splitter plates still has high energy, and it is easy to fly out of the splitter plates. Therefore, a reasonable arc chamber structure should be adopted to improve the arc moving speed in the longitudinal direction and the utilization rate of splitter plates. In addition, the motion speed of the arc root on the splitter plates should be reduced, or the motion of the arc root on the splitter plates should be limited, and the heat exchange time between the arc energy and the splitter plates should be increased. Thus, the arc energy can completely escape in the arc chamber.
According to the numerical simulation results, this paper proposes two improved measures to suppress the arc-over phenomenon. (1) The double air outlet structure, by changing the airflow field distribution, weakens the reverse airflow vortex and improves the splitter plate utilization. (2) The improved insulation grid limits the motion speed of the arc root, increases the heat exchange time between the splitter plates and the arc in the arc chamber, and reduces the arc-over energy. The improved structure is checked by high current breaking to verify the improved structure, and the two structures are optimized.
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Received: 21 July 2024
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2025, Vol. 40 
