基于腔衰荡光谱原理的SF<sub>6</sub>分解产物高精度检测技术

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.241769

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Abstract Sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) is an excellent insulating medium, which is widely used in gas insulated equipment. When insulation faults such as partial discharge (PD) or overheating occur, SF₆ will decompose and react with micro-water, micro-oxygen, or other solid insulating media. Detection of SF₆ decomposition products has become an effective means of operation status monitoring, fault diagnosis and early warning for gas insulation equipment. H₂S is a special product related to serious insulation faults such as high energy PD or high temperature local overheating. CO and CO₂ are products of overheating or severe breakdown involving organic materials. However, current detection technologies cannot take into account both detection accuracy and practicability. To address the problem, this paper designs a high precision gas detection system based on the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) with high sensitivity, low limit of detection and fast response speed, which can detect H₂S, CO and CO₂ gases in SF₆ background.
This paper first presents a prototype of the detection device with integrated optical components and embedded microprocessor units, builds an optical resonator with length of 260 mm and free spectral range of 576.9 MHz, proposes a nonlinear fitting strategy based on Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm, and designs a DFB laser driving circuit. The laser central wavelength is linearly correlated with the control temperature and current in a small range of 5~10 nm. The proposed temperature control module is monitored a current variation of ±0.02 mA and a temperature variation of ±0.001℃ within 24 hours.
Then, this paper verifies the linear responses to H₂S concentration in the SF₆ and N₂ background, measures the absorption coefficient of H₂S over the concentration range from 0 to 20×10^-6, and explores the response time and detection accuracy of the CRDS system. It is found that the output data at H₂S concentrations of 1×10^-6, 2×10^-6, 5×10^-6, and 10×10^-6 show normal distribution characteristics with standard deviations of 22×10^-9, 21×10^-9, 26×10^-9, and 43×10^-9, respectively, and the measurement errors increase with increasing concentration. The Gaussian noise can be reduced by means of moving average. Allan variance analysis shows that the limit of detection (LoD) of H₂S in SF₆ is 4.25×10^-9 in the CRDS system. In addition, by modulating the laser wavelength, CO and CO₂ are measured over the concentration range from 0 to 200×10^-6, and the LoD can reach 10.4×10^-9 and 24.8×10^-9.
Finally, considering that the gas reactions in insulation faults are complex and generate multiple products simultaneously, this paper conducts the cross-interference experiments on H₂S, CO, and CO₂. The spectra of mixed gases show that the CO spectrum is relatively independent, while the H₂S spectrum at 6 336.617 cm^-1 and the CO₂ spectrum at 6 336.242 cm^-1 overlap significantly. Multiple linear regression is used to correct the cross- interference between H₂S and CO₂. Before correction, every 120×10^-6 of CO₂ resulted in a 1×10^-6 over- indication of H₂S, and every 5×10^-6 of H₂S resulted in a 12.8×10^-6 over-indication of CO₂. After correction, the detection error is less than 5% of the gas concentration.

Key words： SF₆ decomposition products cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) gas concentration detection cross interference

Received: 10 October 2024

PACS:	TM855
	TN219

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