一种单次耦合注入且具有独立开断回路的串联型混合直流断路器

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.240960

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Abstract The series-type hybrid circuit breaker (S-HCB) has emerged as a promising solution for fault protection in medium and low-voltage DC systems due to its advantages of fault current suppression and low conduction losses. However, S-HCB designs require multi-level counter-voltage injection to create the opening window for the mechanical switch, resulting in complex control and topology. Additionally, variations in line inductance can interfere with the created opening window, leading to unreliable fault interruption. This paper proposes an S-HCB with a single coupling injection and an independent breaking circuit. By utilizing thyristor conduction to clamp the entire opening process of the mechanical switch, the proposed S-HCB only requires a single injection of counter voltage to provide a near-zero voltage opening window for the mechanical switch, thereby simplifying its control and topology. Moreover, the proposed S-HCB features an independent fault interruption circuit, decoupling the fault current zero-crossing time from line inductance. Thus, a stable opening window is ensured, and the reliability of fault interruption is enhanced. Finally, the proposed S-HCB can break bi-directional fault currents.
The proposed S-HCB topology comprises the main branch, voltage injection circuit, bypass branch, and charging branch. The fault current opening principle under the metallic short-circuit fault is analyzed. Its working process can be divided into six stages: normal operation, fault occurrence, fault current rapid suppression, natural current exchange, insulation recovery, and energy consumption. The key components of the proposed S-HCB are parameterized by breaking the forward fault current as an example, and its parameters’ general principles and recommended values are provided.
A 10 kV/100 A simulation model and a 200 V/20 A experimental prototype were developed based on metallic ground faults. Experimental results demonstrate that at the moment of t₀, the fault occurs and the mechanical switch current i_S rises rapidly. At t =t₁, i_S reaches the action protection threshold I_th (40 A), an opening command is given to the mechanical switch S, the IGBT Q₁ conducts, and a trigger signal is continuously applied to the thyristor VT₁. Under the action of the counter voltage, i_S rapidly drops and flows reversely. At t =t₂, the mechanical delay time ends, S starts to separate the contacts, and i_S is commutated to VT₁ within 10 μs. Subsequently, the terminal voltage of the mechanical switch is clamped to the on-state voltage drop of the thyristor, which promotes the insulation recovery of S. At t =t₃, S is fully turned on, the IGBT and thyristor drive signals are turned off, and the thyristor current i_T1 rapidly decreases to 0, the fault current turn-on is completed. Thus, the increase in fault current during fault breaking is suppressed effectively.
The following conclusions can be drawn. (1) Utilizing thyristors to clamp the entire opening process of the mechanical switch provides a near-zero voltage interruption environment. (2) Only requiring a single injection of counter-voltage simplifies the voltage injection circuit’s control and topology, enhancing the practicality of the S-HCB. (3) The proposed S-HCB's independent fault interruption circuit decouples the fault current zero- crossing time from line inductance. A more stable opening window is ensured for the mechanical switch, and the reliability of fault interruption is improved.

Key words： Hybrid DC circuit breaker series-type simple control reliable interruption bidirectional operation

Received: 04 June 2024

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TM561

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	Xiao Shaodian
	Liu Zeng
	Yang Yachao
	Jiang Yaqun
	Huang Chun

Cite this article:

Xiao Shaodian,Liu Zeng,Yang Yachao等. A Series-Type Hybrid DC Circuit Breaker with Single Coupling Injection and Independent Breaking Circuit[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(14): 4629-4641.

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https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.240960 OR https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/Y2025/V40/I14/4629

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