计及轴系疲劳载荷的风储联合一次调频控制策略

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.200056

Abstract
Figure/Table
References (0)
Related Citation (15)

Download: PDF (3805 KB) HTML (1 KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract

The large-scale integration of wind power into the grid has significantly reduced the frequency stability of the power system. To ensure the safe and stable operation of the power system, wind turbines participating in the grid are required to actively engage in primary frequency control and provide effective frequency support. However, the frequent fluctuations in grid frequency can cause frequent variations in the electromagnetic torque of the generators, and their sensitive mechanical structures may bear greater fatigue loads. The accumulation of these fatigue loads poses a threat to the safe and stable operation of the units and shortens the lifespan of the equipment.
In order to reduce the risk of shaft fracture due to the accumulation of fatigue loads in the shaft system caused by the participation of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) in frequency modulation, this paper proposes a frequency-segmented response-based coordinated frequency modulation control strategy for wind and energy storage systems. Firstly, a transfer function of the electromagnetic torque of the generator to the angular velocity of the transmission chain is derived through the wind turbine drive train model, and the amplitude-frequency characteristic curve is analyzed. Using the constructed fatigue load sensitivity model for wind turbines, the relationship between the fluctuations in the transmission chain shaft torque and power fluctuations is revealed. Secondly, a frequency-segmented response strategy for wind and energy storage is designed. The virtual inertia of the wind turbine and droop control are used to calculate the real-time frequency modulation power. The optimization objectives are the fluctuations in shaft torque and energy storage output. The optimal decision variables are obtained through a sequential quadratic programming algorithm, taking into account load fluctuation factors, and real-time adjustments are made to the filter parameters to avoid the natural oscillation frequency of the shaft system, thus distributing the frequency modulation power between the wind turbine and the energy storage system. Finally, a joint simulation platform of Matlab/Simulink-GH Bladed is built, and simulation validation is conducted.
Using only the output of the wind turbine rotor kinetic energy and the proportional output of wind storage as a comparison strategy, the simulation process controls the average output of wind storage to avoid the impact of accumulated output. The frequency division strategy and dynamic frequency division strategy are verified under varying average wind speeds and single load variations, as well as turbulent wind speeds and continuous load fluctuations. The simulation results under different working conditions indicate that the proposed strategy ensures a rapid response in frequency and significantly reduces the torque and angular fluctuation amplitude of the wind turbine shaft system, greatly lowering the equivalent fatigue load on the shaft system.
Based on the analysis and simulation verification, the main conclusions obtained are as follows: (1) By deducing the transmission chain's second-order equations for a generator's electromagnetic torque, the transfer function of the electromagnetic torque affecting the transmission chain's twist speed was derived. Results indicate that the effect of the electromagnetic torque acting as an input on the transmission chain's twist velocity is maximum around the natural oscillation frequency. Therefore, considering that the modulated power signal should be divided into frequency bands after passing through low-pass filtering, phase and amplitude compensation, it is allocated to both the fan and the energy storage system. (2) By constructing a fatigue load sensitivity model for wind turbines, it was clearly elucidated that fluctuations in drive chain torque corresponded to variations in active power. Based on this relationship, an optimized dynamic frequency shifting method was proposed, with torque fluctuations and energy storage output as the optimization targets. (3) Simulation results indicate that, in ensuring rapid frequency response, the proposed method significantly reduces the torque and angular fluctuation of the rotor shaft system as well as significantly lowers its equivalent fatigue load.

Key words： DFIG fatigue load drive chain primary frequency modulation energy storage

Received: 09 January 2025

PACS:

TM614

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors
	Dong Qing
	Zhang Ruizhe
	Yan Xiangwu
	Ren Haoyang
	Cai Guang

Cite this article:

Dong Qing,Zhang Ruizhe,Yan Xiangwu等. A Primary Frequency Control Strategy for Wind-Storage Combined Systems Considering Shaft Fatigue Loads[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 250441-.

URL:

https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.200056 OR https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/Y0/V/I/250441

[1] 张丽英, 叶廷路, 辛耀中, 等. 大规模风电接入电网的相关问题及措施[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2010, 30(25): 1-9.
Zhang Liying, Ye Tinglu, Xin Yaozhong, et al.Problems and measures of power grid accommodating large scale wind power[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2010, 30(25): 1-9.
[2] 胡正阳, 高丙团, 张磊, 等. 风电机组双向支撑能力分析与自适应惯量控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(19): 5224-5240.
Hu Zhengyang, Gao Bingtuan, Zhang Lei, et al.Bidirectional support capability analysis and adaptive inertial control strategy of wind turbine[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(19): 5224-5240.
[3] 卓振宇, 张宁, 谢小荣, 等. 高比例可再生能源电力系统关键技术及发展挑战[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2021, 45(9): 171-191.
Zhuo Zhenyu, Zhang Ning, Xie Xiaorong, et al.Key technologies and developing challenges of power system with high proportion of renewable energy[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2021, 45(9): 171-191.
[4] 张祥宇, 邵孜建, 付媛. 风储并网发电系统的虚拟多段协同调速与频率安全支撑技术[J/OL]. 电工技术学报, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.241464.
Zhang Xiangyu, Shao Zijian, Fu Yuan. Virtual multi-stage coordinated speed regulation and frequency safety support technology of wind-storage grid-connected power generation system[J/OL]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.241464.
[5] 钱敏慧, 张建胜, 秦文萍, 等. 高比例风电联网背景下风电机组快速频率支撑研究综述[J/OL]. 太阳能学报, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2024-1057.
Qian Minhui, Zhang Jiansheng, Qin Wenping, et al. Rewiew of fast frequency support of WTGS under background of high proportion wind power interconnection [J/OL]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb. 2024-1057.
[6] 高海淑, 张峰, 丁磊. 风电机组两分段下垂调频控制策略及参数整定方法[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2023, 47(18): 111-121.
Gao Haishu, Zhang Feng, Ding Lei.Two-segment droop frequency regulation control strategy and parameter setting method for wind turbines[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2023, 47(18): 111-121.
[7] 张祥宇, 胡剑峰, 付媛, 等. 风储联合系统的虚拟惯量需求与协同支撑[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(3): 672-685.
Zhang Xiangyu, Hu Jianfeng, Fu Yuan, et al.Virtual inertia demand and collaborative support of wind power and energy storage system[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(3): 672-685.
[8] 赵洪山, 李自立. 风电机组轴系的剩余寿命预估[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2020, 40(6): 70-75, 99, 1-2.
Zhao Hongshan, Li Zili. Prognosis of remaining lifetime of wind turbine unit shafting[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2020, 40(6): 70-75, 99, 1-2.
[9] Zhang Xiaojie, He Wei, Hu Jiabing.Impact of inertia control of DFIG-based WT on torsional vibration in drivetrain[J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2020, 11(4): 2525-2534.
[10] 林莉, 林雨露, 谭惠丹, 等. 计及SOC自恢复的混合储能平抑风电功率波动控制[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(3): 658-671.
Lin Li, Lin Yulu, Tan Huidan, et al.Hybrid energy storage control with SOC self-recovery to smooth out wind power fluctuations[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(3): 658-671.
[11] 缪雅慧, 焦燕, 徐浩. 含储能的多能互补系统功率控制方案[J]. 电气技术, 2024, 25(5): 75-80.
Miao Yahui, Jiao Yan, Xu Hao.Power control scheme of multi-energy complementary system with energy storage[J]. Electrical Engineering, 2024, 25(5): 75-80.
[12] 颜湘武, 孙雪薇, 崔森, 等. 基于转子动能与超级电容器储能的双馈风电机组惯量和一次调频改进控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(增刊1): 179-190.
Yan Xiangwu, Sun Xuewei, Cui Sen, et al.Improved control strategy for inertia and primary frequency regulation of doubly fed induction generator based on rotor kinetic energy and supercapacitor energy storage[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(S1): 179-190.
[13] 马德智, 栗文义, 温彩凤, 等. 基于双馈发电机组调频参与度的风/储协调一次调频控制策略[J]. 电网技术, 2023, 47(3): 968-979.
Ma Dezhi, Li Wenyi, Wen Caifeng, et al.Wind/storage coordinated primary frequency regulation control strategy based on participation level of DFIG units[J]. Power System Technology, 2023, 47(3): 968-979.
[14] 张冠锋, 杨俊友, 王海鑫, 等. 基于虚拟同步机技术的风储系统协调调频控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(增刊1): 83-92.
Zhang Guanfeng, Yang Junyou, Wang Haixin, et al.Coordinated frequency modulation control strategy of wind farm-storage system based on virtual synchronous generator technology[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(S1): 83-92.
[15] 曲彤, 苏小林, 阎晓霞, 等. 基于分频原理和区域控制的风储火联合调频策略[J]. 电测与仪表, 2018, 55(20): 122-129, 147.
Qu Tong, Su Xiaolin, Yan Xiaoxia, et al.Frequency combination modulation strategy of wind power, energy storage and thermal power unit system based on frequency division and regional control principle[J]. Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation, 2018, 55(20): 122-129, 147.
[16] 陈彪, 王玮, 高嵩, 等. 基于模糊自适应指令分解的飞轮-火电一次调频控制策略[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2023, 47(19): 128-137.
Chen Biao, Wang Wei, Gao Song, et al.Primary frequency regulation control strategy for flywheel-thermal power joint system based on fuzzy adaptive command decomposition[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2023, 47(19): 128-137.
[17] 陈鹏, 王玮, 杨建青, 等. 基于多尺度分解的风火储协同调频控制策略[J]. 太阳能学报, 2024, 45(3): 428-435.
Chen Peng, Wang Wei, Yang Jianqing, et al.Cooperative frequency regulation control strategy of wind-thermal-storage system based on multi-scale decomposition[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2024, 45(3): 428-435.
[18] 杨伟峰, 文云峰, 张武其, 等. 基于风-储联合的双层频率响应控制策略[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2022, 46(12): 184-193.
Yang Weifeng, Wen Yunfeng, Zhang Wuqi, et al.Bi-level frequency response control strategy based on wind power and energy storage[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2022, 46(12): 184-193.
[19] 王中权, 刘维斌, 孙枭雄, 等. 限功率工况风电场一次调频与疲劳抑制协调优化控制研究[J]. 电网与清洁能源, 2023, 39(2): 114-121.
Wang Zhongquan, Liu Weibin, Sun Xiaoxiong, et al.A study on coordinated optimal control for primary frequency regulation and fatigue suppression of wind farms under limited power condition[J]. Power System and Clean Energy, 2023, 39(2): 114-121.
[20] 孙涵. 风电机组参与一次调频疲劳载荷特征分析及降载控制方法[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2023.
Sun Han.Analysis of fatigue load characteristics of wind turbine participating in primary frequency regulation and load reduction control method[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2023.
[21] 杨德健, 王鑫, 严干贵, 等. 计及调频死区的柔性风储联合频率控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(17): 4646-4656.
Yang Dejian, Wang Xin, Yan Gangui, et al.Flexible frequency regulation scheme of DFIG embed battery energy storage system considering deadbands[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(17): 4646-4656.
[22] 彭海涛, 何山, 袁至, 等. 基于改进转子转速和桨距角协调控制的变速风电机组一次调频策略[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2023, 43(9): 87-94.
Peng Haitao, He Shan, Yuan Zhi, et al.Primary frequency regulation strategy for variable-speed wind turbines based on improved coordinated control of rotor speed and pitch angle[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2023, 43(9): 87-94.
[23] Zhao Haoran, Wu Qiuwei, Huang Shaojun, et al.Fatigue load sensitivity-based optimal active power dispatch for wind farms[J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2017, 8(3): 1247-1259.
[24] Wang Yingwei, Guo Yufeng, Zhang Dongrui.Optimal ancillary control for frequency regulation of wind turbine generator based on improved fatigue load sensitivity[J]. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2022, 137: 107751.
[25] 潘沈恺, 高丙团, 毛永恒, 等. 考虑机组疲劳载荷的风电场快速有功功率分配方法[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2024, 48(15): 112-121.
Pan Shenkai, Gao Bingtuan, Mao Yongheng, et al.Fast active power distribution method for wind farms considering fatigue loads of wind turbines[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2024, 48(15): 112-121.