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| Research on Lightning Protection Effect of Wind Turbine Group in Wind Farm Considering Terrain Characteristics |
| Cai Li1,2, Chen Mengyuan1,2, Jin Haohao1,2, Zhou Mi1,2, Wang Jianguo1,2 |
1. Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Lightning Protection and Grounding Technology Wuhan 430072 China;
2. School of Electric Engineering and Automation Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China |
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Abstract Wind turbines located in mountainous areas have lightning shielding characteristics that are different from those in plains, which makes it difficult to assess their lightning protection performance. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) finite element electromagnetic simulation model is constructed which includes the wind turbine, terrain features, thundercloud configurations, and downstream pilot. Using the self-consistent leader inception and propagation model (SLIM), This paper calculated the lightning attraction zone of the wind turbine and investigated the effect of the terrain configuration on its lightning protection.
First, the relationship between the lightning attraction area and the rotational angle characteristics of the wind turbine within the wind farm was analyzed. The results show that the lightning attraction area of the wind turbine is maximized when the blades of the wind turbine are in a vertical position, which is when the wind turbine generator blades are at their highest height. This is due to the fact that the strength of the electric field at the surface of the lightning catcher is maximized, which promotes the initiation and development of upward leadership.
Then, this paper analyzed the effect of the scaled-down wind turbine lightning strike test on the wind turbine rotation, and propose the wind turbine speed correction parameter, which corrects the SLIM according to the wind turbine speed. The analysis shows that the wind turbine rotation drives the neutralization of space charge diffusion in the corona region, which makes the initial charge in the corona region decrease and inhibits the stable formation of the upward leader.
In addition, this paper analyzed the relationship between wind turbine terrain characteristics (especially slope and height), lightning current amplitude and lightning attraction area. The lightning attraction area increases with increasing terrain slope and terrain height. It is worth noting that the trend of lightning attraction area with terrain height is more obvious than the slope of the terrain where the wind turbine is located.
Finally, this paper obtained quantitative characteristic relationships between wind turbine topographic features, rotational speed, lightning current magnitude and lightning attraction area. By combining the lightning attraction area characteristics analyzed in this study with the wind turbine shielding model, this paper proposed a method to evaluate the actual lightning attraction capacity of wind turbines, which can calculate the lightning protection effectiveness of wind turbines in wind farms.
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Received: 29 October 2024
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2024, Vol. 39 
