不同电流下Ce掺杂AgCuO触头材料转移行为研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.240284

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Abstract

AgCuO electrical contacts offer an eco-friendly alternative to AgCdO, which can undergo various physical and chemical erosions, resulting in material transfer between the cathode and anode and altering the surface morphology. In severe cases, contact action is slowed down, leading to electrical contact failure and system breakdown. However, current research on the transfer mechanism of AgCuO contact materials is relatively limited. In order to develop more durable and stable electrode materials, this paper focuses on AgCuOCeO₂ contacts through Ce element doping. The impact of current on the transfer behavior of AgCuOCeO₂ electrical contact material is analyzed.
CuO nanopowders doped with the rare earth element Ce were prepared using a sol-gel method, employing CuCl₂·2H₂O and CeCl₃·7H₂O with a mass ratio of 6.831 as starting material. Next, Ag powder and CuO powder with an 8515 mass ratio were transformed into AgCuOCeO₂ contacts using the sol-gel method. Subsequently, the contacts underwent arc erosion experiments at four different currents—10, 15, 20, and 25 A—using the JF04D electrical contact test system. The voltage level was set at 18 V, and the load was resistive. The performance enhancement of the material after adding Ce under the 15 A current condition was compared. The arc energy, arc duration, and mass change of AgCuOCeO₂ contacts under different currents are measured. Lastly, the eroded surface morphology was assessed using a three-dimensional surface profiler. The bulge's height and crater's depth after erosion were determined, and the morphology was characterized using a scanning electron microscope. Elemental changes in typical regions before and after erosion were tested using energy spectroscopy.
The experimental results indicate that the Ce element enhances the contact performance, and arc duration and arc energy of the making and breaking arcs increase to varying degrees with rising current at all four current levels. Comparing material mass before and after erosion at different currents revealed that the transfer mode of AgCuOCeO₂ electrical contact material changed with increasing current, and a reversal of transfer direction occurred at 15 A. Furthermore, the relative transfer mass of the material increased with higher current. 3D morphometric scanning of the contact surface showed that the bumps and pits on the contact surface became more pronounced with increasing current. Concerning the height of the uneroded surface, the height of the eroded surface bumps and the depth of the pits were measured by the 3D surface profiler. At 10 A, anodic bumps were more prominent, while cathodic pits were more pronounced at 15, 20, and 25 A, which correlated with the mass transfer situation. As the current increased, the anode pit depth and cathode bulge height also increased, with erosion being most severe at 25 A. Spectroscopic tests revealed the non-uniform distribution of Cu after the arc erosion experiments, leading to CuO aggregation and contact performance deterioration, and the deterioration of surface morphology worsened with a higher current.
In conclusion, the experimental analysis yields the following observations. (1) The stable chemical properties of CeO₂ and the ability to refine the organization structure of Ce inhibit the arc erosion process, which makes the arc ignition energy, arc ignition time, and fusion welding force of AgCuOCeO₂ contacts lower than those of AgCuO. The amount of material transfer is reduced by about 50%, effectively enhancing the arc erosion resistance of AgCuO contacts. (2) As current increases, the concentration of Ag ions between the electrodes rises, leading to increased arc duration and energy. Simultaneously, a higher current increases the relative mass transferred from the material. The morphology of the material surface, in turn, affects the material transfer, resulting in less mass loss at 20 A compared to 15 and 25 A. (3) Current variation affects the direction of material transfer. Gas-phase arcs dominate at low currents with a low Ag ion concentration, transferring material from the cathode to the anode. At high currents, the increased concentration of Ag ions between the electrodes favors the metal phase, leading to material transfer from the anode to the cathode. (4) Given that the anode is susceptible to melting, evaporation, and sputtering due to thermal electron bombardment, future research should focus on anode material with good thermal conductivity and asymmetric contacts for the cathode to form a compensating contact pair, reducing anode loss. Additionally, improving material transfer by enhancing material abrasion resistance deserves to be explored.

Key words： AgCuO contact materials arc erosion materials transfer surface morphology arc energy arc duration

Received: 22 February 2024

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	Wang Haitao
	Wang Yanling
	Li Shuge
	Wang Jingqin
	Li Wenhua
	Zhao Wei

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Wang Haitao,Wang Yanling,Li Shuge等. Study of Materials Transfer Behavior of Ce-Doped AgCuO Contact Materials at Different Current Levels[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(2): 574-586.

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