定子无铁芯永磁无刷直流电机驱动拓扑设计方案及对比

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221742

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摘要

单级三相全桥驱动拓扑无法保证力矩控制模式的定子无铁芯永磁无刷直流电机,在全电流指令范围内电枢电流连续。采用增加电枢回路等效电气时间常数的思路,选取Buck+半桥、全桥串联电感、Buck+全桥三种驱动拓扑,对三种驱动拓扑保证电机正常运行的条件以及不同驱动拓扑的固有属性进行了理论分析、说明和对比。在基于数字控制器的三种驱动平台上,使用同一台电机进行实验验证。实验结果表明三种驱动拓扑均能保证电机的正常运行,实测电流波形证明了关于拓扑特点的理论分析的合理性。对三种驱动拓扑实测稳态运行性能进行了详细的数学分析,为小功率无铁芯永磁无刷直流电机的工程应用提供参考依据。

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	李昊岩
	许海平
	陈曦

关键词 ：定子无铁芯, 永磁无刷直流电机, Buck+半桥, 全桥串联电感, Buck+全桥

Abstract：

The ironless permanent magnet brushless DC motor has a very short electrical time constant, and the inductance value of the armature winding is just a few tens of microhenries. When a single-stage three-phase full-bridge drive topology is used directly to drive an ironless motor in torque control mode, the armature current may be intermittent if the bus input voltage is limited and the average phase current is very small, and the motor may not start properly in more severe cases. Moreover, the low inductance causes abrupt fluctuations in armature current and torque. The driving characteristics must be examined to improve the motor's performance. Three drive topologies are investigated that are Buck cascaded with half-bridge, single-stage full-bridge with inductors in series, and Buck cascaded with full-bridge to ensure normal operation of ironless motor. Then the properties of various drive topologies are discussed and contrasted.
Initially, the fundamental distinctions between the three types of drive topologies listed above are discussed. Secondly, while operating an ironless brushless DC motor in current continuous mode, the switching frequency conditions of H_PWM-L_PWM chopping mode for a single-stage full-bridge topology circuit are computed. The calculations show when the bus voltage rises and the average armature current falls, the needed switching frequency rises to the order of GHz. When the H_PWM-L_ON chopping mode is used with all other settings maintained constant, the switching frequency is half of that. The inductance conditions necessary for the three drives to operate in the current continuous mode may then be deduced. The single-stage full-bridge topology requires an additional inductor of at least 3.75mH per phase if the H_PWM-L_PWM control method is used, or of at least 1.88mH per phase if the H PWM-L ON control method is used when the motor is operated at 0.1A. When the rear stage is a half-bridge or a full-bridge, the power inductors needed for the Buck converters in dual-stage drives are 1.88 mH and 3.75 mH, respectively. Thirdly, the bode diagram is provided together with the transfer functions. When compared to two-stage design, single-stage topology has a higher cutoff frequency and a bigger phase angle margin with greater dynamic performance. Fourthly, the same motor is driven subsequently to evaluate the design and functionality of the three drive topologies based on digital controllers. The experiments show that all three topologies guarantee the motor's dependable running. The highest current fluctuation and current harmonics content are found in the Buck cascaded with half-bridge topology, which also exhibit the quickest rate of change with rotational speed. The current fluctuation is lowest when the Buck is cascaded with a full-bridge topology. While the rate of change with rotational speed is the smallest, the fluctuation brought on by the chopping of the full-bridge cascaded with extra-inductor is noticeable. The single-stage full- bridge's commutation time is the longest among these three topologies since it uses inductors in series in the armature circuit. At 6000 rpm in the experiment, the proportion of the commutation region to each operational section is up to 54.72%, indicating that this topology is not suitable for high-speed operation. Due to the absence of a channel for the energy of the outgoing phase to discharge, the Buck cascaded with half-bridge topology experiences a voltage spike of 54.4 V.
The following are the findings: all three drive topologies mentioned above may assure the normal functioning of the ironless permanent magnet brushless DC motor after the suitable inductor design. Buck cascaded with three-phase half-bridge topology offers the benefit of inexpensive cost, simple construction, and control, making it more appropriate for engineering applications requiring low drive performance. The dynamic response performance of a single-stage full-bridge with inductors in series is superior, but it is not suited for use in high-speed applications.

Key words： ironless-stator permanent magnet brushless direct current motor (PMBLDC) Buck+ half-bridge full-bridge with inductances cascaded Buck+ full-bridge

PACS:

TM345

基金资助:

山东省重点研发计划（重大科技创新工程）（2021CXGC010208）,齐鲁中科电工先进电磁驱动技术研究院科研基金资助项目

通讯作者: 许海平男,1967年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电力电子与电力传动。E-mail：hpxu@mail.iee.ac.cn

作者简介: 李昊岩男,1994年生,博士研究生,研究方向为电力电子与电力传动。E-mail：lihaoyan19@mail.iee.ac.cn

引用本文:

李昊岩, 许海平, 陈曦. 定子无铁芯永磁无刷直流电机驱动拓扑设计方案及对比[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 20235417-20235417. Li Haoyan, Xu Haiping, Chen Xi. Design and comparison of drive topologies for stator-ironless permanent magnet brushless DC motor. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 20235417-20235417.

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