人工触发闪电箭式先导和企图先电同步观测与模拟

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.L10056

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摘要

基于同步光学和电场数据分析了人工触发闪电的箭式先导和企图先导的发展过程,测得了两种先导的二维传播速度,箭式先导的速度的取值范围为1.5×10⁶~10.9×10⁶ m/s,企图先导二维传播速度在0.4×10⁶~2.9×10⁶ m/s之间。企图先导终止前在光学和电场上同箭式先导都存在一定的相似性。企图先导二维传播速度小于箭式先导的速度,放电过程也不如箭式先导强烈。利用分段速度源电荷模型对箭式先导的企图先导的电场波形进行模拟,估算了先导发展时的电荷密度,最终所得的模拟曲线与实测曲线能较好地吻合。

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	蔡力
	储汪祥
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	闫继平
	高耀庭

关键词 ：人工触发闪电, 箭式先导, 企图先导, 源电荷模型

Abstract：

The time and place of lightning are determined by using the artificial lightning technology, which makes lightning current and electric field data easily measured. In the past, the research of lightning mainly focused on the statistical analysis of artificial lightning electromagnetic field and current data, and only the stepped leader with slow development speed can be observed optically. With the application and upgrading of high-speed cameras and other equipment, the optical development process of the fast-developing dart leader has been gradually reported, and some leaders (attempted leader (AL)) that did not develop to the ground have also been found.
Rocket-triggered lightning experiments were conducted at the Guangzhou Field Experiment Site for Lightning Research and Testing in Conghua, Guangzhou, during the summer of 2018 and 2019. The optical measurement system of the experimental base has been upgraded, and the number of pictures taken by the high-speed camera per second is 20 000, which makes the optical development process of the dart leader and the attempted leader recorded. This paper selects one of the typical lightning events for analysis. This event has a total of 8 dart leader and 15 attempted leader processes. The development process of the dart leader and the attempted leader was analyzed from the perspective of optics and electric field, and the 2-D propagation speed of the two kinds of leaders were measured: the value range of the speed of the dart leader is 1.5~10.9×10⁶m/s, the 2-D propagation speed of the attempted leader is 0.4~2.9×10⁶m/s. At the same time, the termination heights of these 15 attempted leaders were also measured, and they all terminated above 500 m. The terminal heights of AL2, AL5, AL6, AL11 and AL15 all exceed 1 km, which indicates that they have more chance to develop into arrow leader. The termination height of AL15 is 505 m, which is the most likely to develop into dart leader.
The electric field waveforms of the dart leader and the attempted leader show the development characteristics of the convex function, and the leader changes slowly first and then changes rapidly. The value of the electric field change of the dart leader is 2.1~5.8 kV/m, with an average value of 3.7 kV/m. The half-peak width ranged from 0.16 ms to 0.46 ms, with an average of 0.34 ms. The value range of electric field change of AL is 1.0~1.9 kV/ m, with an average value of 1.6 kV/m. The half-peak width ranged from 0.96 ms to 1.35 ms, with an average of 1.17 ms. The electric field peak of the dart leader is larger than that of the attempted leader, and the half-peak time is smaller than it. This is because the dart leader developed to the ground, more fully developed, resulting in greater changes in the electric field. At the same time, the dart leader is followed by the return stroke with faster electric field change, and the attempted leader is the termination process with slower electric field change, so the half-peak time of the arrow leader is shorter. The optical and electric field development processes of the two leaders are similar, which can be regarded as the same leader, and their development mechanisms are consistent. The source charge model was used to simulate the electric field waveform of the attempted leader and the dart leader, and the charge density during the development of the leader is speculated. The final simulated curve is in good agreement with the actual curve.

Key words： Artificially-triggering lightning dart leader attempted leader source charge leader

收稿日期: 2023-01-13

PACS:

TM863

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金项目资助（52177154）

通讯作者: 蔡力男,1987年生,副教授,博士生导师,研究方向为雷电物理与雷电防护。E-mail：cail@whu.edu.cn

作者简介: 储汪祥男,2001年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为雷电物理与雷电防护。E-mail：chujunche@qq.com

引用本文:

蔡力, 储汪祥, 韦道明, 闫继平, 高耀庭. 人工触发闪电箭式先导和企图先电同步观测与模拟[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 146-146. Cai Li, Chu Wangxiang, Wei Daoming, Yan Jiping, Gao Yaoting. Photoelectric Synchronous Observation and Simulation of Dart Leader and Attempted Leader of Artificially Triggered Lightning. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 146-146.

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