Optimal Generator Study Based on Torque Follow-up Control for Wind Turbine
Lou Yaolin1,2, Cai Xu1,3, Ye Hangye2, He Guodong2
1. Wind Power Research Center School of Electrical Information and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China; 2. State Key Lab of Wind Power System Zhejiang Windey Co. Ltd Hangzhou 310012 China; 3. State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
Abstract:It is always an essential objective for designers to enhance the energy efficiency of variable-speed, pitch-regulated wind turbines. The speed-torque look-up table is commonly adopted to achieve the optimal tip-speed ratio tracking in large-scale commercialized wind turbines. Because of the constraints of the grid connection speed and rated speed of generator, only big slope transition curves can be used to characterize the relationship between torque and speed in the boundary speed of the look-up table. Nevertheless, this method affects the stability of the output power, shortens the optimal tip speed, and reduces energy yield. This paper presents an optimal control strategy with torque following the variation of generator speed optimally. That is, a unified PI (proportional integral) controller dynamically set the limit of the output torque according to generator speed. The strategy achieves the controlling target of maximal wind energy capture below rated wind speed by solving tricky problems about immeasurability of wind speed and intractability of wind speed variation. Simulation analysis and field test demonstrate that the algorithm has good stability and dynamic performance, which improves the energy efficiency. This control algorithm is easy to be realized and popularized in wind energy industry; accordingly, it has high practical engineering significance.
娄尧林, 蔡旭, 叶杭冶, 何国栋. 基于转矩随动控制的风电机组最优发电研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2018, 33(8): 1884-1893.
Lou Yaolin, Cai Xu, Ye Hangye, He Guodong. Optimal Generator Study Based on Torque Follow-up Control for Wind Turbine. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33(8): 1884-1893.
[1] 白羽. 中国2015年风电新增装机再创历史新高[OL]. [2016-02-02]. http://www.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2016-02/02c-1117973511.htm. [2] Bianchi F D, De Battista H, Mantz R J.Wind turbine control systems-principles, modelling and gain sche- duling design[M]. London: Springer-Verlag, 2007. [3] 叶杭冶. 风力发电机组监测与控制[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2011. [4] 刘其辉, 贺益康, 赵仁德. 变速恒频风力发电系统最大风能追踪控制[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2003, 27(20): 62-67. Liu Qihui, He Yikang, Zhao Rende.The maximal wind-energy tracing control of variable-speed constant- frequency wind-power generation system[J]. Auto- mation of Electric Power Systems, 2003, 27(20): 62-67. [5] 胡家兵, 贺益康, 刘其辉. 基于最佳功率给定的最大风能追踪控制策略[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2005, 29(24): 32-38. Hu Jiabing, He Yikang, Liu Qihui.Optimized active power reference based maximum wind energy tracking control strategy[J]. Automation of Electrical Power Systems, 2005, 29(24): 32-38. [6] 吴政球, 干磊, 曾议, 等. 风力发电最大风能追踪综述[J]. 电力系统自动化学报, 2009, 21(4): 88-93. Wu Zhengqiu, Gan Lei, Zeng Yi, et al.Summary of tracking the largest wind energy for wind power generation[J]. Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA, 2009, 21(4): 88-93. [7] Dipesh Kumar, Kalyan Chatterjee.A review of conventional and advanced MPPT algorithms for wind energy systems review article[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 55: 957-970. [8] 林志明, 潘东浩, 王贵子, 等. 双馈式变速变桨风力发电机组的转矩控制[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2009, 29(32): 118-124. Lin Zhiming, Pan Donghao, Wang Guizi, et al.Torque control of doubly-fed variable speed variable pitch wind turbine[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2009, 29(32): 118-124. [9] 刘琳, 董祖毅. 兆瓦级变速恒频风电机组转矩PI控制策略[J]. 上海电气技术, 2011, 3(4): 1-5. Liu Lin, Dong Zuyi.Study on PI torque controller of MW varialble speed constant frequncy wind turbine[J]. Journal of ShangHai Electric Technology, 2011, 3(4): 1-5. [10] Tony B, David S, Nick J, et al.Wind energy handbook[M]. Chichester: John Wiely&Sons Ltd., 2001: 41-45. [11] 周志超, 王成山, 郭力, 等. 变速变桨距风电机组的全风速限功率优化控制[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2015, 35(8): 1-8. Zhou Zhichao, Wang Chengshan, Guo Li, et al.Output power curtailment control of variable-speed variable-pitch wind turbine generator at all wind speed regions[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015, 35(8): 1-8. [12] 张安安, 郭红鼎, 于兵, 等. 一种风电机组在低风速区间的功率控制方法[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2015, 43(23): 84-89. Zhang Anan, Guo Hongding, Yu Bing, et al.A power control method of wind turbines in low wind speed area[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2015, 43(23): 84-89. [13] 郭鹏. 模糊前馈与模糊PID结合的风力发电机组变桨距控制[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2010, 30(8): 123-128. Guo Peng.Variable pitch control of wind turbine generator combined with fuzzy feed forward and fuzzy PID controller[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2010, 30(8): 123-128. [14] 郭鹏. 结合风轮气动特性分区的多PID切换变桨距控制[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2010, 30(增刊1): 153-158. Guo Peng.Multiple PID switching variable pitch control strategy based on divided scope of rotor aerodynamic characteristic[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2010, 30(S1): 153-158. [15] Wouters D A J, Van Engelen T G. Modern wind turbine controller design[R]. Netherlands: Energy Research Center of the Netherlands(ECN), 2009. [16] 张琛, 李征, 蔡旭, 等. 双馈风电机组轴系扭振的稳定与抑制[J]. 电工技术学报, 2015, 30(10): 301-309. Zhang Chen, Li Zheng, Cai Xu, et al.Stability and control of shaft torsional oscillation for doubly-fed wind power generator[J]. Transaction of China Elec- trotechnical Society, 2015, 30(10): 301-309. [17] Van Engelen T G, Van der Hooft E L, Schaak P. Development of wind turbine control algorithms for industrial use[R]. Netherlands: Energy Research Center of the Netherlands(ECN), 2009. [18] 田兵, 赵克, 孙东阳, 等. 改进型变步长最大跟踪算法在风力发电系统中的应用[J]. 电工技术学报, 2016, 31(6): 226-233. Tian Bing, Zhao Ke, Sun Dongyang, et al.Promoted variable step maximum power point tracking algorithm used in the wind energy conversion system[J]. Transaction of China Electrotechnical Society, 2016, 31(6): 226-233. [19] 吴子双, 于继来, 彭喜云. 高风速段次优功率追踪方式的风电调频方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2013, 28(5): 112-119. Wu Zishuang, Yu Jilai, Peng Xiyun.DFIG’s frequency regulation method only for high wind speed with suboptimal power tracking[J]. Transaction of China Electrotechnical Society, 2013, 28(5): 112-119. [20] Silvio Simani.Overview of modelling and advanced control strategies for wind turbine systems[J]. Energies, 2015, 8(12): 13395-13418. [21] Bossanyi E A.GH bladed user manual[R]. Bristol: Garrad Hassan and Partners Limited, 2008.