时间谐波对永磁同步电机损耗的影响规律

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摘要为了减小永磁同步电机中由电流时间谐波引起的损耗,以一台4.2kW、8极表面式永磁电机为例,采用时步有限元法,分析了空载变频器供电时电机各部位附加损耗的分布规律;研究了不同变频器参数（包括调制比a和开关频率f_c）、气隙长度δ和转子磁路结构（包括内置式和表面式）时电机各部位附加损耗的变化规律;最后,对三台样机进行实验,以验证不同变频器参数对附加损耗的影响规律。结果显示：变频器供电时,附加损耗主要集中在永磁体上,定子铁心其次,转子铁心比重最小;f_c<3kHz时,每增加1kHz,附加损耗平均降低20.7%,f_c>3kHz时,每增加1kHz,附加损耗平均降低6.5%;a每增加0.1,附加损耗平均降低18.7%;δ每增加0.1mm,附加损耗平均降低5.4%;内置式结构转子铁心附加损耗比重比表面式大,而永磁体附加损耗比重较小。

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	佟文明
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关键词 ：附加损耗, 时步有限元法, 气隙长度, 变频器参数, 转子磁路结构

Abstract：In order to study the method to reduce losses induced by time harmonic in permanent magnet motors, time-stepping finite element method is adopted to analyze the additional losses distribution in each part by taking a 4.2kW, 8-pole surface permanent magnet(SPM) motor as an example. Furthermore, the change law of losses is studied under different inverter parameters(including amplitude modulation ratio a and switching frequency f_c), air-gap length(δ), rotor magnetic structure including surface permanent magnet type and interior permanent magnet(IPM) type. Finally, the change law of additional losses under different inverter parameters is verified by the measurements carried out on 3 prototype motors. It is found that additional losses concentrate mostly in permanent magnets, then in stator core, at last in rotor core when fed by inverter. The average reduction of total additional losses is 18.7% with the increasing of f_c at 1kHz when f_c<3kHz, while the decrease is 6.5% when f_c>3kHz. Once a increases 0.1, the average reduction of total additional losses is 18.7%. Otherwise, δ increases 0.1mm, the average reduction of total additional losses is 5.4%. The percentage of additional loss in rotor in IPM type is larger than SPM type, while the loss in permanent magnets is smaller.

Key words： Additional losses time-stepping finite element method air-gap length inverter parameter rotor magnetic structure

收稿日期: 2014-10-20 出版日期: 2015-04-10

PACS:

TM315

基金资助:国家自然科学基金（51307111）,国家科技支撑计划（2013BAE08B00）和辽宁省教育厅科学技术研究（L2013049）资助项目

作者简介: 佟文明男,1984年生,博士,讲师,硕士生导师,研究方向为特种电机及其控制。朱晓锋男,1989年生,硕士,研究方向为非晶合金永磁电机拓扑结构分析与附加损耗计算。

引用本文:

佟文明,朱晓锋,贾建国,段庆亮. 时间谐波对永磁同步电机损耗的影响规律[J]. 电工技术学报, 2015, 30(6): 60-69. Tong Wenming,Zhu Xiaofeng,Jia Jianguo,Duan Qingliang. Influence Law of Additional Losses Induced by Time Harmonic in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(6): 60-69.

链接本文:

http://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/Y2015/V30/I6/60

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