考虑地调侧储能及调频需求的省地协同分布鲁棒优化调控策略

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.251888

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摘要

风电、光伏等大量分布式新能源接入电网后,因其出力具有强波动性、随机性及分布分散性,给省调侧资源统筹协调、新能源消纳及电网频率稳定调控带来多重挑战。传统省地独立调频模式难以协调广泛分布的地调侧资源,导致系统整体调频能力未能充分利用。为此,本文提出一种基于地调侧储能精确凸松弛的省地协同两阶段分布鲁棒优化模型。该模型在计及频率稳定约束的前提下,通过省地调度机构协同互动,充分利用地调侧储能平抑新能源波动,促进新能源消纳,实现系统运行降本增效。针对储能建模引入的互补约束及整数变量导致的强非凸性问题,采用精确凸松弛技术处理,并运用列与约束生成(C&CG)算法保证求解最优性。基于我国西南某地新能源历史出力数据和IEEE标准测试系统的仿真结果表明,所提策略在满足省地电网安全的前提下,有效提升了系统的新能源消纳能力及运行经济性,调控性能得到优化。

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	陈胜
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关键词 ：省-地协同调控, 高比例新能源, 储能资源, 频率稳定, 分布鲁棒优化, C&CG算法

Abstract：

High penetration of distributed renewable generation shifts a substantial share of fast frequency regulation capability to local resources (e.g., distribution-level energy storage and renewable plants) while provincial dispatch centers remain responsible for system-wide security and economic operation. Under a conventional decoupled provincial-local regulation paradigm, provincial schedules are determined with limited visibility of local flexibility, and local control is implemented afterwards without consistent system-level coordination. This weak coupling can cause underutilization of distributed regulation resources, higher balancing costs, and increased difficulty in satisfying frequency security requirements under renewable volatility and uncertainty.
A provincial-local coordinated two-stage distributionally robust optimization model is developed to jointly determine provincial scheduling decisions and local recourse actions under uncertain renewable generation. The first stage captures provincial-level decisions such as dispatch targets, reserve procurement, and coordination signals exchanged with local dispatch centers. The second stage models local corrective control actions, primarily through distribution-level energy storage systems and renewable curtailment/redispatch, to respond to renewable deviations while respecting operational constraints of both provincial and local grids. Frequency stability constraints are explicitly incorporated so that coordinated strategies remain feasible with respect to frequency security limits (e.g., constraints related to frequency nadir and post-disturbance recovery), thereby avoiding cost-driven schedules that could violate dynamic security requirements.
A central difficulty in provincial-local coordination is that detailed energy storage modeling typically introduces complementarity conditions (mutually exclusive charging and discharging) and integer variables, leading to strong nonconvexity and increased computational complexity. To address this issue, an exact convex relaxation of local energy storage models is adopted to remove complementarity constraints and integer variables while preserving the essential operational behavior required for coordinated scheduling. On this basis, a column-and-constraint generation algorithm is employed to solve the resulting two-stage distributionally robust problem. The algorithm alternates between a master problem that proposes candidate first-stage provincial schedules and coordination signals and a subproblem that identifies worst-case realizations within a data-calibrated ambiguity set, then generates feasibility and optimality cuts to iteratively refine the master problem. This procedure naturally matches the hierarchical dispatch architecture and can be implemented via iterative interactions between provincial and local dispatch centers.
Numerical studies are carried out on an IEEE benchmark system using historical renewable generation data from a region in Southwest China. Compared with traditional decoupled provincial-local control schemes, the coordinated strategy increases the effective utilization of local energy storage flexibility and renewable controllability under explicit frequency security constraints. The coordinated interaction reduces unnecessary conservatism in provincial reserve allocation and mitigates avoidable renewable curtailment by assigning balancing and frequency regulation responsibilities to local resources that can respond rapidly and efficiently. The decomposition-based solution approach supports scalability by exploiting the problem structure while maintaining robustness against renewable uncertainty.
The proposed provincial-local coordinated two-stage distributionally robust framework provides a systematic method for integrating massive distributed frequency regulation resources in high-renewable penetration power systems. By combining explicit frequency stability constraints, an exact convex relaxation of local energy storage operation, and a column-and-constraint generation solution procedure, the framework yields implementable coordinated scheduling and control strategies for both provincial and local operators. The case studies demonstrate that coordinated optimization can reduce operating costs and improve renewable integration without compromising security requirements of provincial and local power grids.

Key words： Provincial-regional Coordinative Dispatch High Penetration of Renewable Energy Energy storage resources Frequency Stability Distributionally Robust Optimization C&CG algorithm

收稿日期: 2025-10-31

PACS:

TM732

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金（52477102）、广东省基础与应用基础研究基金企业联合基金（2023A1515240055）、高比例新能源接入电网的协同消纳、控制与振荡风险防控（GZKJXM20220060）资助项目

通讯作者: 唐斌华,男,2003年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为能源互联网。E-mail：1259393761@qq.com

作者简介: 陈胜,男,1986年生,硕士研究生,主要研究方向：研究方向为电力系统调度自动化。E-mail：568786829@qq.com

引用本文:

陈胜, 唐斌华, 陈馨, 聂涌泉, 沈欣炜. 考虑地调侧储能及调频需求的省地协同分布鲁棒优化调控策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 33-. Chen Sheng, Tang Binhua, Chen Xin, Nie Yongquan, Shen Xinwei. Optimal Dispatch Strategy for Provincial-Distribution Coordination Considering Distribution-Side Energy Storage and Frequency Regulation Demand Based on Distributionally Robust Optimization. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 33-.

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