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| Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Demagnetization of Permanent Magnet Motor for Electric Vehicle |
| Cui Gang1,2, Xiong Bin1,2, Huang Kangjie1,2, Li Zhenguo1,2, Ruan Lin1,2 |
1. Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100149 China |
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Abstract High-performance Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet materials commonly used in permanent magnet synchronous motors for electric vehicles are prone to irreversible demagnetization under high temperatures and strong magnetic fields. It has become the main bottleneck of the high-reliability design of permanent magnet drive motors. The cavity structure and cooling method of the permanent magnet synchronous motor determine the spatial distribution differences of the working temperature of the permanent magnet. In order to study effective methods for preventing demagnetization faults in permanent magnet synchronous motors, it is necessary to accurately calculate the demagnetization spatial distribution characteristics of permanent magnets and understand their influencing factors.
This paper uses the permanent magnet virtual partitioning method to establish a permanent magnet local demagnetization analysis model based on its magnetic characteristic parameters, working temperature, spatial position, and other variables. The spatial distribution and influencing factors of local demagnetization are studied using the three-dimensional and multi-physical field calculation method with a two-way coupling of the electromagnetic field and temperature field. Finally, the accuracy of the analysis method and results is verified by testing the permanent magnet operating temperature, the magnetic field distribution on the rotor, and the motor performance of a 115 kW-8 pole permanent magnet synchronous motor prototype.
Simulation results show that when the demagnetization current is 600 A, 800 A, and 900 A, and the demagnetization current angle is 90°, the maximum demagnetization rate of the permanent magnet is 13.44%, 45.37%, and 62.13%, respectively. When the demagnetization current is 800 A and the demagnetization current angles are 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°, the maximum demagnetization rates of the permanent magnet are 1.7%, 19.49%, 34.79%, and 45.37%, respectively. The maximum difference in the spatial distribution of the working temperature of the permanent magnet reaches 36℃. After the demagnetization fault occurred, the value of the no-load back electromotive decreased from 175.2 V to 110.16 V. The torque value decreased from 146.15 N·m to 115.6 N·m. The experimental results show that the working temperature difference at different positions of the same permanent magnet reaches 23℃. The temperature difference at the same position of different permanent magnets in the same pole reaches 35℃. The maximum deviation between the simulation and actual measurement of the no-load back electromotive is 4.97%. The maximum deviation between the simulation and the actual measurement of the output torque is 5.28%. The minimal difference between simulation and actual measurement results indicates that the research method proposed in this paper is accurate and effective.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the simulation analysis and test results. (1) The spatial distribution of demagnetization of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is uneven. (2) When the motor malfunctions, there may be a situation where the entire motor only experiences slight demagnetization, but the local position of the permanent magnet has already experienced severe demagnetization. (3) The demagnetization distribution of the permanent magnet is affected by the working temperature, amplitude, and angle of the demagnetizing current. (4) The no-load back electromotive force and output torque can be used to evaluate the impact of demagnetization faults on the no-load and load characteristics of the motor.
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Received: 25 April 2023
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2023, Vol. 38 
