考虑风电不确定性的调频辅助服务市场多时间尺度出清调度策略

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.231477

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摘要

与传统水火电机组相比,参与调频辅助服务市场的风电资源具备灵活性强和调节速率快等优势。然而,风电资源也存在不确定性缺点,影响可调容量与调频性能,干扰调频市场出清与调度,引发调频安全风险。基于此,本文通过分析风电不确定性对不同调频市场运行阶段的影响,结合特定市场运行阶段的目标,提出了考虑安全风险与调频性能的多时间尺度出清与调度策略。具体地,首先在日前和日内时段,分别使用条件风险价值方法量化风电可调容量不确定性风险;其次,根据考虑风电资源参与的调频风险与调节成本,构建了调频市场出清模型。最后,量化分析了风电不确定性对调频精度指标的影响,提出考虑综合调频性能指标最优的调度策略。仿真算例分析表明,所提出清策略下的日前累计风险成本相较于传统策略降低35%;所提调度策略可以最大限度保证调频综合调频性能好的资源优先参与调度。

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关键词 ：电力系统频率控制, 调频性能, 多时间尺度能量管理, 风电不确定性

Abstract：

To meet the requirements of the modern power system construction, the National Energy Administration introduces guidance and management requirements for new resources such as renewable energy and energy storage systems. In western regions with abundant wind energy resources, such as Xinjiang Province, wind farms meeting certain installed capacity requirements can participate in the frequency regulation ancillary services market. The dispatching agency optimizes clearing based on frequency demands. Wind farms provide frequency services and obtain settlement fees according to the clearing results.
Unlike conventional units, declared capacity of wind farms is subject to uncertainty. In this situation, despite the desire of wind farms to occupy market share and increase revenue by utilizing the full capacity quota, the uncertainty in declared capacity may lead to actual capacity being lower than the reported value, posing a risk to the frequency regulation market. Therefore, this paper proposes a multi-time scale clearing and scheduling method for the frequency regulation market considering wind power uncertainty.
Firstly, the impact of wind power uncertainty on the frequency regulation market clearing and scheduling process is analyzed through the analysis of the bid capacity default rate. By designing a risk cost based on conditional value-at-risk, the paper quantitatively evaluates the impact of wind power uncertainty on the frequency regulation market clearing. Secondly, by analyzing the frequency demand characteristics at different timescales, a multi-timescale clearing model and strategy considering frequency risk cost are proposed, providing generation plan boundary conditions for the next level of clearing and ensuring market safety and reliability. Finally, the paper quantitatively analyzes the impact of wind power uncertainty on frequency accuracy indicators and proposes a scheduling strategy considering the optimal comprehensive frequency performance indicators. The proposed scheduling strategy adopts a rolling mode, where the dispatching agency updates frequency performance indicators based on the previous round of scheduling performance, improving the participation and quality of high-quality regulation units in frequency regulation.
Simulation analysis is conducted using a 3-wind-farm-and-1-thermal power system to reproduce the market clearing and scheduling process. The simulation results indicate that despite offering low prices of wind farms, if their default rate is too high, they may not clear priority due to risk costs. Thermal power units have the lowest default rate and lowest frequency regulation risk cost. To increase the clearing capacity of uncertain wind power, wind storage systems can be used to reduce the bid default rate. Through simulated rolling scheduling processes, it is observed that the performance of units in one round of scheduling affects their frequency performance indicators in the next round, thereby altering their regulation quantity.
Through simulation analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn：1）Wind farms with low quotes but high default rates may not be cleared due to the associated risk costs. To enhance the priority of wind power clearing and reduce uncertainty risk costs, it is possible to lower the default levels of wind power resources (e.g., by using a wind and storage joint system to replace standalone wind power). 2）The rolling optimization scheduling based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) can dynamically adjust the dispatched output of bid resources in real-time using feedback-corrected frequency performance indicators, achieving optimal comprehensive frequency regulation performance. Future research should consider uncertainties from other resources like photovoltaics and controllable loads, as well as develop clearing strategies for their participation in the frequency regulation market. Additionally, approaches considering game theory or multi-objective optimization could be explored to optimize the trade-off between storage costs and uncertainty resource risk costs, thereby enhancing the economic efficiency and security of frequency regulation.

Key words： Power system frequency control frequency regulation performance multi-time-scale energy management wind power uncertainty

收稿日期: 2023-09-07

PACS:

TM614

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金（52207142）、江苏省自然科学基金（BK20210512）和上海市启明星培育扬帆专项（22YF1414800）资助。

通讯作者: 王剑晓男，1992年生，助理教授，博士生导师，研究方向为电力市场、能源环境政策和数据挖掘技术。E-mail：wang-jx@pku.edu.cn

作者简介: 陈春宇男，1991年生，副教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为新能源电力系统运行与控制。E-mail：chunyuchen@cumt.edu.cn

引用本文:

陈春宇, 黄宸恺, 王剑晓, 戴雪梅, 王颖. 考虑风电不确定性的调频辅助服务市场多时间尺度出清调度策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 231477-. Chen Chunyu, Huang Chenkai, Wang Jianxiao, Dai Xuemei, Wang Ying. Multi-Time-Scale Frequency Regulation Market Clearing and Dispatch Strategy Considering Wind Power Uncertainty. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 231477-.

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