Abstract：Under the requirements of the dual carbon target, the country has vigorously carried out green and energy-saving 5G base stations. 5G base stations are equipped with rooftop photovoltaic and energy storage batteries to solve the problem of high power consumption and high cost of base stations. However, the distributed photovoltaic output of the roof in different load areas has spatio-temporal differences with the load of the base station, and there is a problem of photovoltaic absorption difficulty. Aiming at the above problems, this paper establishes an optimal scheduling model of 5G base station considering communication load migration and dynamic backup of energy storage, aiming at maximizing the photovoltaic absorption rate and minimizing the base station operating cost.By transferring the communication load of base stations in different load areas, the load size of 5G base stations is changed to solve the mismatch between photovoltaic output of buildings with different land use types and the load of base stations. Firstly, based on the analysis of the differences of rooftop PV output and base station load in industrial areas, administrative districts, commercial areas and residential areas, this paper establishes a roof PV output and 5G base station load migration model to realize the spatio-temporal differences of base station load and roof PV in different load areas. Secondly, according to the backup power demand of 5G base station, considering the distribution network reliability and communication load characteristics of each load area, the charging and discharging mechanism of energy storage dynamic backup power is proposed. Finally, the optimal scheduling model of 5G base station is established. This model not only takes into account energy saving and consumption reduction in 5G base stations, but also promotes photovoltaic consumption in different load areas. In this paper, four scenarios and three planning area schemes are set up for verification and comparison. The following conclusions can be drawn from the calculation example analysis: (1) The introduction of communication load migration can change the power distribution of the base station, improve the power of the base station with difficulty in photovoltaic absorption to a certain extent, so as to promote photovoltaic absorption. The photovoltaic absorption rate is increased by 4.95%, and promote the low-load base station to move the load out and save energy by sleeping, accounting for 13.43% of energy saving. (2) The introduction of dynamic backup of energy storage in base station makes the backup capacity of energy storage change dynamically with the power of base station, which improves the potential of low storage and high production of energy storage, reduces the power purchase cost of base station, and reduces the daily operating cost of a single base station by 7.02 yuan. (3) Under the proposed model, due to the limited coverage range of the base station, the communication load migration range is limited. Therefore, the model in this paper is suitable for 5G networks covering multiple industrial, administrative, commercial and residential areas with a small area in a single area.
麻秀范, 刘子豪, 王颖, 冯晓瑜. 考虑通信负载迁移及储能动态备电的5G基站光伏消纳能力研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(21): 5832-5845.
Ma Xiufan, Liu Zihao, Wang Ying, Feng Xiaoyu. Research on Photovoltaic Absorption Capacity of 5G Base Station Considering Communication Load Migration and Energy Storage Dynamic Backup. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(21): 5832-5845.
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2023, Vol. 38 
