轴向磁通永磁电机扁铜线交流铜耗的混合解析计算及抑制

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221828

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摘要

轴向磁通永磁电机的扁铜线交流铜耗会严重影响电机性能,因此扁铜线交流铜耗的精确计算与抑制十分重要。采用三维瞬态场计算交流铜耗,虽然可以获得精确的结果,但存在计算时间长和对计算机性能要求高的问题。为了权衡计算精度与计算时间,提出一种混合解析计算的方法。该方法将三维有限元与解析法相结合,可以考虑趋肤效应、邻近效应和外部磁场对交流铜耗的影响。为了抑制交流铜耗,提出采用扁线立绕的导体排列方式。利用该方法对不同导体排列方式的交流铜耗和电机效率进行计算,并通过三维瞬态场有限元进行验证。最后对一台60kW的样机进行实验,实验结果、有限元结果和混合解析计算结果基本吻合,验证了混合解析计算的准确性和扁线立绕的有效性。

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	武岳
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关键词 ：轴向磁通永磁电机, 扁铜线, 交流铜耗, 混合解析计算, 导体排列方式

Abstract：

Axial flux permanent magnet motor is suitable for the field with high requirements on motor performance and installation space due to the advantages such as high power density, small volume, and light mass. In the field of high power density motors, flat copper wire is used for its high slot filling rate and excellent heat dissipation performance. However, due to the influence of skin effect, proximity effect, and external magnetic field, the flat copper wire has a higher AC copper loss, which can seriously affect the motor performance and the insulating material life. Therefore, accurate calculation and suppression of AC copper loss of flat copper wire are significant.
Although accurate results can be obtained using the three-dimensional transient field to calculate AC copper loss, there are some problems, such as long computing time and high computer performance requirements. Therefore, a hybrid analytical calculation method is proposed to balance calculation accuracy and calculation time. This method combines the three-dimensional finite element with the analytical method, which can consider the influence of skin effect, proximity effect, and external magnetic field on AC copper loss. Meanwhile, a conductor arrangement of flat wire vertical winding is proposed to suppress AC copper loss.
Firstly, according to the actual size of the winding, a detailed three-dimensional model of flat copper wire is established in the eddy current field, and the magnetic flux density is calculated. Secondly, the combined sampling method of parts, segments, and layers is adopted. Finally, the sampling magnetic flux density is combined with the analytical model to calculate the AC copper loss.
A 60kW, 18-slot, 20-pole double-rotor single-stator axial flux permanent magnet motor was taken as an example for verification. Firstly, the proposed method analyzed the AC copper loss of different conductor arrangements, verified by a three-dimensional transient field finite element. The results show that the AC copper loss of flat wire vertical winding is reduced by 36.9% compared with that of flat wire parallel winding, and the calculation time of hybrid analytical calculation is reduced by 97.96% compared with the three-dimensional transient finite element. Secondly, the AC copper loss and motor efficiency under different working conditions were analyzed. The results show that the performance of flat wire vertical winding motor is better than that of flat wire parallel winding motor in all working conditions, and the advantages of flat wire vertical winding motor are more obvious with the increase of frequency. Finally, the prototype was tested, and the experimental results, the finite element results, and the hybrid analytical calculation results were basically consistent, which verified the accuracy of the hybrid analytical calculation and the effectiveness of the flat wire vertical winding.
The following conclusions can be obtained by comparing the calculation results of the three methods: 1) The conductor arrangement of flat wire vertical winding is proposed, which can effectively suppress the AC copper loss of flat copper wire and improve motor efficiency. The number of conductors at the slot opening should be reduced, and the conductor arrangements should be changed to suppress AC copper loss without changing the motor topology structure. 2) The influence of skin effect, proximity effect, and external magnetic field on AC copper loss of flat copper wire can be considered by the hybrid analytical calculation method. This method has the advantages of high accuracy and short calculation time in calculating AC copper loss. This method is also suitable for rapidly analyzing the effect of different flat copper wire conductor arrangements on AC copper loss.

Key words： Axial flux permanent magnet motor flat copper wire AC copper loss hybrid analytical calculation conductor arrangement

PACS:

TM351

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金面上项目（51877139）和辽宁省教育厅科学研究经费项目（面上项目）（LJKZ0128）

通讯作者: 张志锋男,1981年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为特种电机设计及其控制。E-mail：zzf_sut@126.com

作者简介: 武岳男,1995年生,博士研究生,研究方向为轴向磁通永磁电机设计、控制及多物理场分析。E-mail：wuyue_95@126.com

引用本文:

武岳, 张志锋. 轴向磁通永磁电机扁铜线交流铜耗的混合解析计算及抑制[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 20235408-20235408. Wu Yue, Zhang Zhifeng. Hybrid Analytical Calculation and Suppression of AC Copper Loss of Flat Copper Wire in Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Motor. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 20235408-20235408.

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