基于改进正交锁相环的永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221926

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摘要针对传统正交锁相环(Quadrature phase-locked loop, QPLL)应用于永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制中存在的反转失效与加、减速工况下出现显著的转子位置直流偏移误差问题,本文提出了一种改进的正交锁相环（Improved QPLL,IQPLL）。其通过重构鉴相器环节,使得鉴相器的输出与永磁同步电机的转向不再相关,从而解决传统QPLL在电机反转时估算转子位置出现180度偏差的问题。此外,在新型鉴相器结构下,设计前馈环路以补偿加、减速工况下的位置直流偏移误差。并建立了IQPLL的小信号模型,根据系统的频率响应特性给出了IQPLL的参数设计方法。实验结果表明,相对于传统的QPLL,所提出的IQPLL可实现永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制正、反转稳定运行,并有效抑制了加、减速工况下的转子位置直流偏移误差。

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	吴翔
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关键词 ：永磁同步电机, 正交锁相环, 无位置传感器控制

Abstract：Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system with sensorless control can realize energy conversion with high reliability, high efficiency, and high power density at low cost, which has become one of the research focuses in the current AC motor control field. For the sensorless control of the PMSM in the medium and high speed region, the speed and rotor position information can be obtained through the quadrature phase-locked loop (QPLL) after the back EMF or flux linkage information is observed by using the fundamental frequency model method.
QPLL includes three parts, i.e., phase detector (PD), loop filter (LF), and voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). The structure and parameters of each part directly affect the stability and dynamic performance of QPLL. In order to optimize the performance of QPLL, scholars at home and abroad have made corresponding improvements. To optimize the performance of QPLL, scholars have made corresponding improvements. However, most of the improved QPLLs usually only consider a single optimization objective. For the occasion where frequent acceleration and deceleration and forward and reverse rotation are required, it is not only necessary to overcome the problem of the conventional QPLL that large estimation error of rotor position appears during acceleration and deceleration operation, but also need to solve the problem of 180 degrees deviation between the observed rotor position and the actual rotor position under reverse rotation conditions.
In order to solve the problem of reverse failure and significant DC offset error appearing in the rotor position under acceleration and deceleration conditions when conventional quadrature phase-locked loop (QPLL) is applied to sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), the deterioration mechanism of the conventional QPLL under reverse rotation and acceleration/deceleration conditions is analyzed and an improved quadrature phase-locked loop (IQPLL) is proposed in this paper. By reconstructing the phase detector, the output of the phase detector is no longer related to the rotation direction of the PMSM, thus solving one of the problems of the conventional QPLL, i.e., the 180 degree deviation in estimating the rotor position when the motor reverses. In addition, under the new phase detector, a feedforward loop is designed to compensate the DC offset error appearing in the rotor position under acceleration and deceleration conditions. The small signal model of new IQPLL is established, and the parameter design method of IQPLL is given according to the frequency response characteristics of the system.
The experimental results in a 630kW PMSM platform show that the proposed IQPLL, compared with the conventional QPLL, can realize the forward and reverse control of the PMSM, and effectively suppress DC offset error appearing in the rotor position under acceleration and deceleration conditions.
Unlike most existing improved QPLLs, which only optimize a single objective, the proposed IQPLL studied in this paper realizes the optimization of two objectives at the same time, which not only solves the problem of conventional QPLL inversion failure, but also suppresses the problem of large rotor position estimation error during acceleration and deceleration operation. Accordingly, the IQPLL studied in this paper has outstanding advantages for the occasions where acceleration and deceleration are frequent and forward and reverse rotation are required.

Key words： PMSM quadrature phase-locked loop sensorless control

PACS:

TM464

基金资助:国家自然科学基金（52007190）,江苏省自然科学基金（BK20200652）资助项目

通讯作者: 吴翔男,1990年生,博士,讲师,研究方向为电力电子与电力传动。E-mail：cumtwuxiang@cumt.edu.cn

作者简介: 张晓男,1974年生,教授,研究方向为大功率电力传动。E-mail：zhangxiao@cumt.edu.cn

引用本文:

吴翔, 陈硕, 李佳, 张甲哲, 张晓. 基于改进正交锁相环的永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 105-105. Wu Xiang, Chen Shuo, Li Jia, Zhang Jiazhe, Zhang Xiao. Sensorless Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Improved Quadrature Phase-locked Loop. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 105-105.

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