Abstract：Recently,with the increase of the voltage levels in the inverter,more power semiconductor devices are added in the topologies,which increase the fault probability of the multilevel inverters.The faults of inverters will seriously affect the safe and reliable operation of the system.Recently,more and more attentions have been drawn on the reliability analysis and fault-tolerant capability of the inverters.This paper puts forward the fault types of the voltage source inverter firstly.Then the fault-tolerant topologies,the modulation strategy,and the fault-tolerant control strategies of the clamped-type and cascaded-type multilevel inverters are analyzed and summarized.Finally the development trends of fault-tolerant technology for multilevel voltage source inverter (VSI) are discussed.
[1] Rodriguez J,Lai J S,Peng F Z.Multilevel inverters:A survey of topologies,controls,and applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2002,49(4):724-738. [2] Tolbert L M,Pang F Z,Habeleler T G.Multilevel converters for large electric drivers[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1999,35(1):36-43. [3] Tolbert L M,Habetler T G.Novel multilevel inverter carrier based PWM method[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1999,35(5):1098-1107. [4] Fuchs F W.Some diagnosis methods for voltage source inverters in variable speed drives with induction machines-a survey[C].Proceedings of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Annual Conference,Roanoke,Virginia,USA,2003:1378-1385. [5] Bin L,Sharma S K.A literature review of IGBT fault diagnostic and protection methods for power inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2009,45(5):1770-1777. [6] Rodriguez-Blanco M A,Claudio-Sanchez A,Theilliol D,et al.A failure-detection strategy for IGBT based on gate-voltage behavior applied to a motor drive system[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(5):1625-1633. [7] Fu J R,Lipo T A.A strategy to isolate the switching device fault of a current regulated motor drive[C].Proceedings of Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting,1993,2:1015-1020. [8] Song Yantao,Wang Bingsen.Survey on reliability of power electronic systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(1):591-603. [9] Behrooz M.Survey of fault-tolerance techniques for three-phase voltage source inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(10):5192-5202. [10]Zhang W P,Xu D H,Enjeti P N,et al.Survey on fault-tolerant techniques for power electronic converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(12):6319-6331. [11]赵文祥,程明,朱孝勇,等.驱动用微特电机及其控制系统的可靠性技术研究综述[J].电工技术学报,2007,22(4):38-46. Zhao Wenxiang,Cheng Ming,Zhu Xiaoyong,et al.An overview of reliability of drive system for small and special electric machines[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2007,22(4):38-46. [12]张兰红,胡育文,黄文新.三相变频驱动系统中逆变器的故障诊断与容错技术[J].电工技术学报,2004,19(12):1-10. Zhang Lanhong,Hu Yuwen,Huang Wenxin.Fault diagnosis and tolerant techniques of inverter in three-phase variable frequency drive system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2004,19(12):1-10. [13]安群涛,孙力,孙立志,等.三相逆变器开关管故障诊断方法研究进展[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(4):135-144. An Quntao,Sun Li,Sun Lizhi,et al.Recent developments of fault diagnosis methods for switches in three-phase inverters[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2011,26(4):135-144. [14]Spee R,Wallace A K.Remedial strategies for brushless DC drive failures[C].Proceedings of Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting,Pittsburgh,PA,USA,1988,1:493-499. [15]Liu T H,Fu J R,Lipo T A.A strategy for improving reliability of field oriented controlled induction motor drives[C].Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting,Dearborn,MI,USA,1991,1:449-455. [16]Sinha G,Hochgraf C,Lasseter R H,et al.Fault protection in a multilevel inverter implementation of a static condenser[C].Conference Record of the 1995 IEEE Industry Applications Conference,Orlando,FL,1995,3:2557-2564. [17]Li Shengming,Xu Longya.Fault-tolerant operation of a 150 kW 3-level neutral-point-clamped PWM inverter in a flywheel energy storage system[C].Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE Industry Applications Conference,Chicago,IL,USA,2001,1:585-588. [18]Li S,and Xu L.Strategies of fault tolerant operation for three-level PWM inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2006,21(4):933-940. [19]Farnesi S,Fazio P,Marchesoni M.A new fault tolerant NPC converter system for high power induction motor drives[C].2011 IEEE International Symposium on Diagnostics for Electric Machines,Bologna,2011:337-343. [20]Bruckner T,Bernet S,Guldner H.The active NPC converter and its loss-balancing control[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2005,52(3):855-868. [21]Li J,Huang A Q,Bhattacharya S,et al.Three-level active neutral point clamped (ANPC) converter with fault tolerant ability[C].Twenty-Fourth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,Washington,DC,2009:840-845. [22]Ceballos S,Pou J,Gabiola I,et al.Fault-tolerant multilevel converter topology[C].IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Eletronics,Montreal,Canada,2006:1577-1582. [23]Ceballos S,Pou J,Zaragoza J,et al.Efficient modulation technique for a four-leg fault-tolerant neutral-point-clamped inverter[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2008,55(3):1067-1074. [24]Kao Xiaomin,Corzine K A,Familiant Y L.A unique fault-tolerant design for flying capacitor multilevel inverter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2004,19(4):979-987. [25]Ceballos S,Pou J,Robles E,et al.Performance evaluation of fault-tolerant neutral-point-clamped converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2010,57(8):2709-2718. [26]Ceballos S,Pou J,Robles E,et al.Three-level converter topologies with switch breakdown fault-tolerance capability[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2008,55(3):982-995. [27]Pou J,Zaragoza J,Rodríguez P,et al.Fast-processing modulation strategy for the neutral-point-clamped converter with total elimination of the low-frequency voltage oscillations in the neutral point[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2007,54(4):2288-2294. [28]Ceballos S,Pou J,Zaragoza J,et al.Fault-tolerant neutral-point clamped converter solutions based on including a fourth resonant leg[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(6):2293-2303. [29]Ceballos S,Pou J,Zaragoza J,et al.Soft-switching topology for a fault-tolerant neutral-point-clamped converter[C].IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics,Vigo,Spain,2007:3186-3191. [30]Ceballos S,Pou J,Robles E,et al.Fault-tolerant hybrid four-leg multilevel converter[C].European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications,Aalborg,Denmark,2007:1-9. [31]Ceballos S,Pou J,Robles E,et al.Three-level converter topologies with switch breakdown fault-tolerance capability[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2008,55(3):982-995. [32]Araujo R L,Jacobina C B,Cabral da Silva E D,et al.Fault-tolerant voltage-fed PWM inverter AC motor drive systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2004,51(2):439-446. [33]Bolognani S,Zordan M,Zigliotto M.Experimental fault-tolerant control of a PMSM drive[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2000,47(5):1134-1141. [34]Welchko B A,Lipo T A,Jahns T M,et al.Fault tolerant three-phase AC motor drive topologies:A comparison of features,cost,and limitations[J].IEEE Transactions Power Electronics,2004,19(4):1108-1116. [35]Song W C,Huang A Q.Control strategy for fault-tolerant cascaded multilevel converter based STATCOM[C].The 22nd Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference,Anaheim,CA,USA,2007:1073-1076. [36]Hammond P W.Enhancing the reliability of modular medium-voltage drives[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2002,49(5):948-954. [37]Lezana P,Ortiz G.Extended operation of cascade multicell converters under fault condition[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2009,56(7):2697-2703. [38]Correa P,Pacas M,Rodriguez J.Modulation strategies for fault-tolerant operation of H-bridge multilevel inverters[C].IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics,Montreal,Que,2006,2:1589-1594. [39]Song W C,Huang A Q.Fault-tolerant design and control strategy for cascaded H-bridge multilevel converter-based STATCOM[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2010,57(8):2700-2708. [40]Maharjan L,Yamagishi T,Akagi H,et al.Fault-tolerant operation of a battery-energy-storage system based on a multilevel cascade PWM converter with star configuration[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2010,25(9):2386-2396. [41]Lezana P,Pou J,Meynard,T A,et al.Survey on fault operation on multilevel inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2010,57(7):2207-2218. [42]Cheng Y,Qian C,Crow M L,et al.A comparison of diode-clamped and cascaded multilevel converters for a STATCOM with energy storage[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2006,53(5):1512-1521. [43]Liu Y,Huang A Q,Tan G J,et al.Control strategy improving fault ride-through capability of cascade multilevel inverter based STATCOM[C].Industry Applications society Annual Meeting,Edmonton,Alta,2008:1-6. [44]Akagi H,Fujita H,Yonetani S,et al.A 6.6 kV transformerless STATCOM based on a five-level diode-clamped PWM converter:System design and experimentation of a 200 V 10 kVA laboratory model[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2008,44(2):672-680.
2015, Vol. 30 
