永磁无刷直流电机及其控制

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: PDF (458 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要无刷直流电机因其高效率、长寿命、低噪声及良好的机械特性等优点, 在航空、军事、汽车、办公自动化、家用电器等行业内得到了广泛的应用。本文系统阐述了无刷直流电机的基本结构和工作特点, 比较分析了无刷直流电机几种典型的驱动电路拓扑结构。同时, 对无刷直流电机的转矩波动抑制、无位置传感器控制、弱磁调速等技术进行了分析。最后, 对其应用及未来发展趋势进行了探讨。

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	夏长亮
	方红伟

关键词 ：无刷直流电机, 驱动电路, 转矩波动, 无位置传感器控制, 弱磁

Abstract：The permanent-magnet brushless DC motor (BLDC motor) has achieved a brilliant application in aerospace, military, automotive, office automation and household equipment industries, since it has the advantages of high efficiency, long lifetime, low noise and good torque-speed characteristics. The basic structure and operation of the BLDC motor is introduced, and various typical topologies of its driving circuits are also compared. Moreover, the torque ripple reduction, sensorless control, and flux-weakening speed control are investigated. Finally, the applications of BLDC motor are drawn and its development trend is discussed.

Key words： BLDC motor driving circuit torque ripple sensorless control flux weakening

收稿日期: 2012-03-11 出版日期: 2014-03-20

PACS:

TM351

基金资助:为了更加充分发挥《电工技术学报》学术交流平台的作用, 使高校师生深入了解电工行业前沿技术、重大基金项目的进展及科技创新重点的发展方向, 自2011年始《电工技术学报》尝试做专题。2012年第3期即为永磁电机专题, 我们分别向国内外著名专家如英国Sheffield大学的诸自强教授、沈阳工业大学的王凤翔教授和天津大学的夏长亮教授约稿, 从不同角度就永磁电机研究的最新进展、永磁电机在风力发电系统中的应用及其发展趋向和永磁无刷直流电机及其控制进行了深入、广泛的探讨, 以期对广大电机研究人员能有所启发和帮助。; 国家自然科学基金重点项目(51037004)和国家杰出青年科学基金资助项目(50825701)。

作者简介: 夏长亮男, 1968年生, 教授, 博士生导师, 国家杰出青年科学基金获得者, 长江学者特聘教授；研究方向为电机系统及其控制、电力电子与电气传动、风力发电系统运行控制。方红伟男, 1977年生, 副教授, 现研究方向为电机控制、风力/波力发电、飞轮储能控制等。

引用本文:

夏长亮, 方红伟. 永磁无刷直流电机及其控制[J]. 电工技术学报, 2012, 27(3): 25-35. Xia Changliang, Fang Hongwei. Permanent-Magnet Brushless DC Motor and Its Control. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2012, 27(3): 25-35.

链接本文:

http://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/Y2012/V27/I3/25

[1] 夏长亮. 无刷直流电机控制系统[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2009.
[2] Kenjo T, Nagamori S. Permanent magnet and brushless DC motors[M]. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985.
[3] 夏长亮, 张茂华, 王迎发, 等. 永磁无刷直流电机直接转矩控制[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2008, 28(6): 104-109.
Xia Changliang, Zhang Maohua, Wang Yingfa, et al. The direct torque control for permanent magnet brushless DC motors[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2008, 28(6): 104-109.
[4] Xia Changliang, Guo Chen, Shi Tingna. A neural network identifier and fuzzy controller based algorithm for dynamic decoupling control of permanent magnet spherical motor[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2010, 57(8): 2868-2878.
[5] Xia Changliang. Permanent magnet brushless DC motor drives and controls[M]. Singapore: John & Wiley Inc, 2012.
[6] 郭鸿浩, 周波, 左广杰, 等. 无刷直流电机转矩观测与电感自适应辨识[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2011, 31(33): 151-158.
Guo Honghao, Zhou Bo, Zuo Guangjie, et al. Torque estimation and adaptive inductance identification for a brushless DC motor[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2011, 31(33): 151-158.
[7] 邹继斌, 李建军, 徐永向, 等. 驱动方式对永磁无刷直流电机损耗的影响[J]. 电工技术学报, 2011, 26(9): 43-47.
Zou Jibin, Li Jianjun, Xu Yongxiang, et al. Influences of drive strategies on the loss of permanent magnet brushless direct current motor[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2011, 26(9): 43-47.
[8] 韦鲲, 胡长生, 张仲超. 一种新的消除无刷直流电机非导通相续流的PWM调制方式[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2005, 25(7): 104-1308.
Wei kun, Hu Changshen, Zhang zhongchao. A novel PWM scheme to eliminate the diode freewheeling of the inactive phase in BLDC motor[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2005, 25(7): 104-1308.
[9] 揭贵生, 马伟明, 耿建明, 等. 无刷直流电机的一种新型转矩与效率优化控制[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2006, 24(6): 131-136.
Jie Guisheng, Ma Weiming, Geng Jianming, et al. A new optimizing control method of torque and efficiency for trapezoidal BLDCM[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2006, 24(6): 131-136.
[10] 唐任远. 现代永磁电机理论与设计[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2006.
[11] 叶金虎. 无刷直流电动机[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1982.
[12] 刘刚, 王志强, 房建成, 著. 永磁无刷直流电机控制技术与应用[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2008.
[13] Zhu L, Jiang S Z, Jiang J Z, et al. A new simplex wave winding permanent-magnet brushless DC machine[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2011, 47(1): 252-259.
[14] Guo Y G, Zhu J G, Watterson P A, et al. Improved design and performance analysis of a claw pole permanent magnet SMC motor with sensorless brushless DC drive[C]. Fifth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2003: 704-709.
[15] Walter N A, Stephen L H. Electric motor control[M]. Australia: Thomson/Delmar Learning, 2003.
[16] Pillay P, Krishnan R. Application characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous and brushless DC motors for servo drives[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Application, 1991, 27(5): 986-996.
[17] Xia Changliang, Li Zhiqiang, Shi Tingna. A control strategy for four-switch three-phase brushless DC motor using single current sensor[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2009, 56(6): 2058- 2066.
[18] 李志强. 无刷直流电机无位置传感器控制及四开关逆变器控制研究[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2009.
[19] 夏长亮, 刘均华, 俞卫, 等. 基于扩张状态观测器的永磁无刷直流电机滑模变结构控制[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2006, 26(20): 139-143.
Xia Changliang, Liu Junhua, Yu Wei, et al. Variable structure control of BLDCM based on extended state observer[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2006, 26(20): 139-143.
[20] 夏长亮, 文德, 王娟. 基于自适应人工神经网络的无刷直流电机换相转矩波动抑制新方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2002, 22(1): 54-58.
Xia Changliang, Wen De, Wang Juan. A new approach of minimizing commutation torque ripple for brushless DC motor based on adaptive ANN[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2002, 22(1): 54-58.
[21] Shi Tingna, Guo Yuntao, Song Peng, et al. A new approach of minimizing commutation torque ripple for brushless DC motor based on DC-DC converter[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2010, 57(10): 3483-3490.
[22] 夏长亮, 李正军, 杨荣, 等. 基于自抗扰控制器的无刷直流电机控制系统[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2005, 25(2): 82-86.
Xia Changliang, Li zhengjun, Yang Rong, et al. Control system of brushless DC motor based on active-disturbance rejection controller[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2005, 25(2): 82-86.
[23] Liu Y, Zhu Z Q, Howe D. Commutation- torque-ripple minimization in direct-torque-controlled PM brushless DC drives[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2005, 43(4): 1012-1021.
[24] 谭博, 马瑞卿, 刘卫国. 一种永磁无刷直流电动舵机四象限控制[J]. 电工技术学报, 2011, 26(9): 73-79.
Tan Bo, Ma Ruiqing, Liu Weiguo. A four-quadrant control for permanent magnet brushless DC electric actuator[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2011, 26(9): 73-79.
[25] 陈炜. 永磁无刷直流电机换相转矩脉动抑制技术研究[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2006.
[26] 张相军, 陈伯时. 无刷直流电机控制系统中PWM调制方式对换相转矩脉动的影响[J]. 电机与控制学报, 2003, 7(2): 87-91.
Zhang Xiangjun, Chen Boshi. The different influences of four PWM modes on commutation torque ripples in brushless DC motor control system[J]. Electric Machines and Control, 2003, 7(2): 87-91.
[27] 夏长亮, 俞卫, 李志强. 永磁无刷直流电机转矩波动的自抗扰控制[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2006, 26(24): 137-142.
Xia Changliang, Yu Wei, Li Zhiqiang. Torque ripple reduction of PM brushless DC motors based on auto-disturbances-rejection controller[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2006, 26(24): 137-142.
[28] 史婷娜, 田洋, 夏长亮. 基于自适应小波网络的永磁无刷直流电机直接电压控制[J]. 电工技术学报, 2007, 22(9): 74-79.
Shi Tingna, Tian Yang, Xia Changliang. Direct control of voltage based on adaptive wavelet neural network for PM brushless DC motors[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2007, 22(9): 74-79.
[29] 夏长亮, 文德, 范娟, 等. 基于RBF神经网络的无刷直流电机无位置传感器控制[J]. 电工技术学报, 2002, 17(3): 26-29, 76.
Xia Changliang, Wen De, Fan Juan, et al. Based on RBF neural network position sensorless control for brushless DC motors[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2002, 17(3): 26-29, 76.
[30] Xia Changliang, Fang Hongwei, Chen Wei, et al. Ant colony algorithm based fuzzy control for a brushless DC motor[C]. IEEE Proceedings of the World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, 2006: 6498-6502.
[31] 夏长亮, 杨晓军, 史婷娜, 等. 基于扰动观测器的无刷直流电机无位置传感器控制[J]. 电工技术学报, 2002, 17(6): 25-28.
Xia Changliang, Yang Xiaojun, Shi Tingna, et al. Position sensorless control of brushless DC motor based on the disturbance observer[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2002, 17(6): 25-28.
[32] Li Y, Zhu Z Q, Howe D, et al. Improved rotor-position estimation by signal injection in brushless AC motors, accounting for cross-coupling magnetic saturation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2007, 45(5): 1843-1850.
[33] Shen J X, Zhu Z Q, Howe D. Sensorless flux- weakening control of permanent-magnet brushless machines using third harmonic back EMF[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2004, 40(6): 1629-1636.
[34] 林明耀, 刘文勇, 周谷庆. 无位置传感器无刷直流电机短时脉冲定位加速方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2011, 26(9): 80-86.
Lin Mingyao, Liu Wenyong, Zhou Guqing. A location and acceleration method of sensorless brushless DC motor utilizing short voltage pulse[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2011, 26(9): 80-86.
[35] 王迎发, 夏长亮, 陈炜. 基于模糊规则的无刷直流电机起动策略[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2009, 29(30): 98-103.
Wang Yingfa, Xia Changliang, Chen Wei. Startup strategy for brushless DC motor based on fuzzy rules [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2009, 29(30): 98-103.
[36] 史婷娜, 吴曙光, 方攸同, 等. 无位置传感器永磁无刷直流电机的起动控制研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2009, 29(6): 111-116.
Shi Tingna, Wu Shuguang, Fang Youtong, et al. Reasearch on sensorless PM brushless DC motor starting control[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2009, 29(6): 111-116.
[37] 夏长亮, 刘丹, 王迎发, 等. 基于模糊规则的无刷直流电机免疫PID控制[J]. 电工技术学报, 2007, 22(9): 68-73.
Xia Changliang, Liu Dan, Wang Yingfa, et al. Control of brushless DC motors using fuzzy set based immune feedback PID controller[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2007, 22(9): 68-73.
[38] 夏长亮, 王娟, 史婷娜, 等. 基于自适应径向基函数神经网络的无刷直流电机直接电流控制[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2003, 23(6): 123-127.
Xia Changliang, Wang Juan, Shi Tingna, et al. Direct control of currents based on adaptive RBF neural network for brushless DC motors[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2003, 23(6): 123-127.
[39] 夏长亮, 郭培健, 史婷娜, 等. 基于模糊遗传算法的无刷直流电机自适应控制[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2005, 25(11): 129-133.
Xia Changliang, Guo Peijian, Shi Tingna, et al. Control of brushless DC motor using genetic algorithm based fuzzy controller[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2005, 25(11): 129-133.
[40] 夏长亮, 李志强, 王明超, 等. 基于RBF神经网络在线辨识的永磁无刷直流电机单神经元PID模型参考自适应控制[J]. 电工技术学报, 2005, 20(11): 65-69.
Xia Changliang, Li Zhiqiang, Wang Mingchao, et al. Single neuron PID model reference adaptive control for PM brushless DC motors based on RBF neural network on-Line identification[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2005, 20(11): 65-69.
[41] 方红伟, 夏长亮, 方攸同, 等. 无刷直流电动机二阶离散平滑滤波器位置伺服控制[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2009, 29(3): 65-70.
Fang Hongwei, Xia Changliang, Fang Youtong, et al. Position servo control of brushless DC motor based on the second discrete filter[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2009, 29(3): 65-70.
[42] Qi G, Chen J T, Zhu Z Q, et al. Influence of skew and cross-coupling on flux-weakening performance of permanent-magnet brushless AC machines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2009, 45(5): 2110-2117.
[43] Chen C H, Cheng M Y. Implementation of a highly reliable hybrid electric scooter drive[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2007, 54(5): 2462-2473.
[44] 吴红飞, 邢岩, 胡海兵, 等. 副边调整式三端口半桥DC-DC 变换器[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2011, 31(30): 1-6.
Wu Hongfei, Xing Yan, Hu Haibing, et al. Three-port half-bridge DC-DC converters with post regulation scheme[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2011, 31(30): 1-6.
[45] Shen Y, Zhu Z Q. Analytical prediction of optimal split ratio for fractional-slot external rotor PM brushless machines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2011, 47(10): 4187-4190.
[46] 王巍, 郭宏, 邢伟, 等. 电气/机械混合四余度无刷直流力矩电动机控制系统[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2010, 30(6): 100-104.
Wang Wei, Guo Hong, Xing Wei, et al. A control system for electrical/mechanical hybrid four- redundancy brushless DC torque motor[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2010, 30(6): 100-104.
[47] 王凤翔, 王继强, 孔志国. 具有被动式磁力轴承的无刷直流电机研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2004, 24(5): 90-95.
Wang Fengxiang, Wang Jiqiang, Kong Zhiguo. Study on brushless DC motor with passive magnetic bearings[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2004, 24(5): 90-95.
[48] Xia Changliang, Song Peng, Li Hongfeng, et al. Research on torque calculation method of permanent-magnet spherical motor based on the finite-element method[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2009, 45(4): 2015-2022.