基于固定时间补偿的风电并网电力系统频率波动快速平抑策略

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.251561

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摘要

为缓解高渗透率风电并网电力系统风功率波动对电网频率稳定性带来的挑战,提出一种基于固定时间补偿的风电机组快速调频控制策略。首先,计及含高比例双馈风电机组的风电并网系统频率动态响应模型,基于分数幂次反馈设计固定时间观测器,能在可预设的时间内更快“捕捉”风电并网系统未知扰动及真实频率偏差的变化,为调频的快速启动与精准补偿提供了确定性的观测保障;然后,结合频率偏差反馈,构建基于固定时间补偿的高比例风电并网调频策略,实现频率波动快速平抑,有效减少风电并网系统的暂态频率波动,提高系统的调频动态性能;接着,通过李雅普诺夫稳定性理论分析所提快速调频控制器的收敛稳定性,并结合固定时间稳定性理论给出控制器参数整定规则。最后,为多维度验证所提控制方法的有效性,构建了评价电网频率及风功率波动平抑指标,基于MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真平台,在不同风速和风电渗透率场景下验证所提控制方案的有效性与泛化性,同时也在含风电的IEEE 39节点系统进行验证,仿真结果表明,与采用的典型控制方法相比,所提方法明显改善了风电机组的频率响应特性,极大减少了风功率波动对系统频率的影响。

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关键词 ：风电调频, 风功率波动, 固定时间观测器, 补偿控制, Lyapunov稳定性分析

Abstract：

The increasing penetration of wind power in power systems poses significant challenges to grid frequency stability due to the inherent volatility of wind power output. Traditional frequency regulation methods are insufficient to handle the rapid fluctuations caused by wind power variations, especially in systems with high wind power penetration. To address this issue, this paper proposes a fixed-time compensation (FTC)-based fast frequency regulation strategy for wind power integrated power systems, specifically designed for doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbines.
The proposed strategy consists of two main components: a fixed-time observer (FTO) and a linear state error feedback (LSEF) controller. Firstly, considering the frequency dynamic response model of a power system integrated with high-proportion DFIGs, a FTO based on fractional power feedback is designed, which can accurately estimate both the true system frequency deviation and the aggregated unknown disturbances within a predetermined finite time, independent of initial conditions. The FTO captures temporal-spatial correlation information from system frequency dynamics, providing deterministic observation for rapid frequency regulation initiation. Secondly, the observed frequency deviation is integrated with an LSEF controller to form the complete FTC strategy. The LSEF generates control signals based on the error between observed and reference frequency values, while the FTO's disturbance estimates are actively compensated in real-time. This integrated approach enables rapid suppression of frequency fluctuations and reduction of transient frequency deviations.
The theoretical foundation of the proposed method is rigorously established. The convergence and stability of the FTC controller are analyzed using Lyapunov stability theory, while parameter tuning rules are derived based on fixed-time stability theory. This ensures the FTO's convergence time remains bounded regardless of initial conditions.
Simulation results on MATLAB/Simulink platform demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Under 25% wind power penetration with random wind speed conditions (mean 8.42 m/s), the FTC strategy achieved significant performance improvements. Compared to the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode, it reduced the maximum frequency deviation by 97.76% (over-frequency) and 88.77% (under-frequency), and decreased the root mean square of frequency deviation by 78.86%. The duration during which frequency deviation exceeded ±0.03 Hz was shortened by 61.69%, while the mean absolute deviation of DFIG output was reduced by 76.56%. The covariance between system frequency and wind power output decreased by 96.72%, indicating effective decoupling of wind power fluctuations from frequency variations. Under higher penetration scenarios (50% wind power), the FTC strategy maintained its superior performance. Compared to MPPT, it reduced the maximum frequency deviation by 84.27% (over-frequency) and 100% (under-frequency), and decreased Δf_RMS by 78.17%. The P_MAD was reduced by 90.63%, demonstrating consistent performance across different penetration levels. Comparison with other control strategies revealed the advantages of the FTC approach as well. Against fixed-gain droop control, the FTC strategy reduced Δf_RMS by 69.41% under 25% penetration and by 65.04% under 50% penetration. Compared to variable-gain droop control, these improvements were 67.50% and 66.92% respectively. Against active disturbance rejection control, the improvements were 64.38% and 61.26% respectively.
The proposed method also showed strong robustness in challenging conditions. With ±10% parameter perturbations in generator inertia constants and 100 ms communication delays, the system maintained stable performance without requiring controller retuning. Validation on the IEEE 39-bus system further confirmed the method's applicability in large-scale complex grids, with Δf_RMS reduced to 0.008 Hz under FTC compared to 0.098 Hz under MPPT.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the theoretical analysis and simulation results: (1) The FTO effectively estimates system disturbances and true frequency deviation within predetermined time bounds, providing a deterministic foundation for fast frequency regulation. (2) The integrated FTC strategy significantly outperforms conventional control methods in suppressing frequency fluctuations, with performance improvements consistently exceeding 60% across all evaluated metrics. (3) The method demonstrates strong robustness against parameter uncertainties and communication delays, making it suitable for practical implementation in real-world power systems. (4) The theoretical framework based on Lyapunov stability and fixed-time stability provides reliable guidelines for controller parameter tuning and system implementation.
In summary, the proposed FTC strategy offers an effective solution for fast frequency fluctuation suppression in high-wind-penetration power systems, with demonstrated performance advantages, theoretical soundness, and practical applicability.

Key words： Wind power frequency regulation wind power fluctuations fixed-time observer compensation control Lyapunov stability analysis

收稿日期: 2025-09-08

PACS:

TM614

基金资助:

国网湖北省电力有限公司科技项目资助（52153223001S）

通讯作者: 刘子文男,1991年生,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为高比例新能源电力系统主动支撑、柔性直流输配电技术等。E-mail：liuziwen@hhu.edu.cn.

作者简介: 冀肖彤男,1977年生,教授级高级工程师,研究方向为新能源电力系统控制与保护等。E-mail：tongyi7@hotmail.com.

引用本文:

冀肖彤, 柳丹, 叶畅, 杨荟憭, 刘子文. 基于固定时间补偿的风电并网电力系统频率波动快速平抑策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 9-. Ji Xiaotong, Liu Dan, Ye Chang, Yang Huiliao, Liu Ziwen. Fast Frequency Fluctuation Mitigating Strategy for Wind Power Integrated Power System Based on Fixed-Time Compensation. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 9-.

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