高压直流电缆聚乙烯绝缘材料研究现状

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.180073

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: PDF (1166 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要

聚乙烯类材料因其优异的介电性能被广泛应用于高压直流电缆绝缘。直流电缆运行过程中,绝缘材料电导率随温度梯度变化和直流电场下空间电荷的积聚而变化,导致绝缘材料内部电场畸变,是目前高压直流聚乙烯电缆绝缘发展面临的严峻问题。该文通过综合国内外研究,论述了高压直流电缆聚乙烯绝缘材料的研究进展,分析了改性聚乙烯绝缘材料的介电性能和作用机理,最后展望了高压直流聚乙烯绝缘材料的发展趋势。研究结果表明,纳米掺杂改性能够有效抑制聚乙烯绝缘材料内部空间电荷的积累,改善聚乙烯绝缘材料直流电导率的温度特性;共混改性生产免交联的聚乙烯绝缘材料能够提高其介电性能;电压稳定剂能提高聚乙烯绝缘材料的耐电树枝性能,具有良好的发展前景;超纯净聚乙烯绝缘材料是高压直流聚乙烯电缆绝缘材料研发的基础和重点。这些研究成果的总结可为未来高压直流电缆聚乙烯绝缘材料的研究和发展提供参考。

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	杜伯学
	韩晨磊
	李进
	李忠磊

关键词 ：高压直流电缆, 聚乙烯, 纳米掺杂, 共混改性, 电压稳定剂, 超纯净材料

Abstract：

Polyethylene materials has been widely used in HVDC cable insulation because of its excellent dielectric properties. During the operation of HVDC cable, the conductivity changes of insulation material caused by temperature gradient and the space charge accumulation under DC electric field, resulting in the distortion of electric field inside insulation material, which is the most serious problems of the polyethylene insulation for HVDC cables application. In this paper, the research progress of polyethylene insulation for HVDC cables was reviewed. The dielectric properties and the improvement mechanism of the modified polyethylene materials were analyzed. And the development trend of HVDC polyethylene insulation materials was prospected at the end of the paper. The results show that nano-doping can effectively inhibit the accumulation of space charge in polyethylene insulation and improve its temperature dependent conductivity characteristic. It is possible to improve the dielectric property of XLPE insulation by blending modification. Adding voltage stabilizer can improve the property of resisting electrical tree in polyethylene insulation, which has a good prospect for application. Super-clean polyethylene material is the foundation and focus of the research on HVDC cable insulation. The summary of these researches can provide reference for the development of polyethylene insulation materials for HVDC cables.

Key words： HVDC cable polyethylene nano doping blending modification voltage stabilizer super-clean material

收稿日期: 2018-01-15 出版日期: 2019-01-10

PACS:

TM211

基金资助:

国家重点研发计划（2016YFB900701）、国家自然科学基金（51537008）、博士后基金（2017M621070）和博士后创新人才支持计划（BX201700168）资助项目

通讯作者: 杜伯学男,1961年生,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为聚合物绝缘材料可靠性和安全性理论与试验、高温超导电介质、电气绝缘在线监测、高电压新技术等。E-mail：duboxue@tju.edu.cn

作者简介: 韩晨磊男,1993年生,博士研究生,研究方向为高压直流电缆绝缘。E-mail：chenleiyn@tju.edu.cn

引用本文:

杜伯学, 韩晨磊, 李进, 李忠磊. 高压直流电缆聚乙烯绝缘材料研究现状[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(1): 179-191. Du Boxue, Han Chenlei, Li Jin, Li Zhonglei. Research Status of Polyethylene Insulation for High Voltage Direct Current Cables. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(1): 179-191.

链接本文:

https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.180073 https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/Y2019/V34/I1/179

[1] 中国电力企业联合会规划发展部. 2016~2017年度全国电力供需形势分析预测报告[J]. 电器工业, 2017(2): 11-16.Planning and development department of China federation of electric power enterprises. Analysis and forecast report of nation-al power supply and demand situation in 2016~2017[J]. Electrical Equipment Industry, 2017(2): 11-16.
[2] 梁旭明, 张平, 常勇. 高压直流输电技术现状及发展前景[J]. 电网技术, 2012, 36(4): 1-9.Liang Xuming, Zhang Ping, Chang Yong. Recent advances in high-voltage direct-current power transmission and its developing potential[J]. Power System Technology, 2012, 36(4): 1-9.
[3] 陈曦. 交联聚乙烯高压直流电缆的研究现状与发展[J]. 电线电缆, 2015(2):1-5.Chen Xi. Research status and trend of XLPE HVDC cable[J]. Electric Wire and Cable, 2015(2): 1-5.
[4] 谢书鸿, 傅明利, 尹毅, 等. 中国交联聚乙烯绝缘高压直流电缆发展的三级跳: 从160 kV到200 kV再到320 kV[J]. 南方电网技术, 2015, 9(10): 5-12.Xie Shuhong, Fu Mingli, Yin Yi, et al. Three jumps of XLPE insulated HVDC cable development in China: from 160 kV to 200 kV and then to 320 kV[J]. Southern Power System Technology, 2015, 9(10): 5-12.
[5] 刘振亚. 全球能源互联网跨国跨洲互联研究及展望[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2016, 36(19): 5103-5110, 5391. Liu Zhenya. Research of global clean energy resource and power grid interconnection[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(19): 5103-5110, 5391.
[6] 王伟, 何东欣, 易登辉, 等. 工频电压下电缆本体的空间电荷测试[J]. 电工技术学报, 2016, 31(7): 152-158.Wang Wei, He Dongxin, Yi Denghui, et al. Space charge measurement on cable under AC voltage[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2016, 31(7): 152-158.
[7] 杜伯学, 李忠磊, 杨卓然, 等. 高压直流交联聚乙烯电缆应用与研究进展[J]. 高电压技术, 2017, 43(2): 344-354.Du Boxue, Li Zhonglei, Yang Zhuoran, et al. Application and research progress of HVDC XLPE cables[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2017, 43(2): 344-354.
[8] Chen G, Hao Miao, Xu Zhiqiang, et al.Review of high voltage direct current cables[J]. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2015, 1(2): 9-21.
[9] Maekawa Y, Yamaguchi A, Hara M, et al.Development of XLPE insulated DC cable[J]. Electrical Engineering in Japan, 1994, 114(8): 1-12.
[10] Montanari G C, Laurent C, Teyssedre G, et al.From LDPE to XLPE: investigating the change of electrical properties. Part I. space charge, conduction and lifetime[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2005, 12(3): 438-446.
[11] Teyssedre G, Laurent C, Montanari G C, et al.From LDPE to XLPE: investigating the change of electrical properties. Part II. luminescence[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2005, 12(3): 447-454.
[12] 沈申康, 金可中. 一步法硅烷交联聚乙烯管生产[J]. 塑料, 1996, 25(3): 23-25, 49.Shen Shenkang, Jin Karl. Technology of one step saline XLPE monosil-tube production[J]. Plastics, 1996, 25(3): 23-25, 49.
[13] 田维生. 10 kV及以下电缆用过氧化物XLPE绝缘料配方与工艺的开发[J]. 中国石油和化工标准与质量, 2013, 34(6) : 21-21. Tian Weisheng. Development of formulation and process of peroxide XLPE insulation for 10 kV and below cables[J]. China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Standard and Quality, 2013, 34(6): 21-21.
[14] Sultan B A, Palmlof M.Advances in crosslinking technology[J]. Plastic Rubber and Composite Processing and Applications, 1994, 21(2): 65-73.
[15] Smedberg A, Gustafsson B, Hjertberg T.What is crosslinked polyethylene[C]//2004 IEEE International Conference on Solid Dielectrics, Toulouse, 2004: 415-418.
[16] 蔡建超, 刘美兵, 何军, 等. 国产110kV XLPE电缆料的研发和性能[J]. 电线电缆, 2012(6): 28-31.Cai Jianchao, Liu Meibing, He Jun, et al. Development and properties of home-made 110 kV XLPE cable material[J]. Electric Wire and Cable, 2012(6): 28-31.
[17] 刘云鹏, 刘贺晨, 高丽娟, 等. 电声脉冲法研究热老化对160 kV直流电缆绝缘材料陷阱特性的影响[J]. 电工技术学报, 2016, 31(24): 105-112.Liu Yunpeng, Liu Hechen, Gao Lijuan, et al. Influence of thermal stress on the traps energy properties of 160 kV HVDC cable insulation material based on pulsed electro-acoustic method[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2016, 31(24): 105-112.
[18] 何金良, 党斌, 周垚, 等. 挤压型高压直流电缆研究进展及关键技术述评[J]. 高电压技术, 2015, 41(5): 1417-1429. He Jinliang, Dang Bin, Zhou Yao, et al. Reviews on research progress and key technology in extruded cables for HVDC transmission[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2015, 41(5): 1417-1429.
[19] 刘大钟, 虞苏琏, 王振国. 直流电缆绝缘中电场的分布[J]. 电线电缆, 1984(2): 24-28. Liu Dazhong, Yu Sulian, Wang Zhenguo. Electric field distribution of DC cable insulation[J]. Electric Wire and Cable, 1984(2): 24-28.
[20] Hanley T L, Burford R P, Fleming R J, et al.A general review of polymeric insulation for use in HVDC cables[J]. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 2003, 19(1): 13-24.
[21] 陈曦, 王霞, 吴锴, 等. 温度梯度场对高直流电压下聚乙烯中空间电荷及场强畸变的影响[J]. 电工技术学报, 2011, 26(3): 13-19.Chen Xi, Wang Xia, Wu Kai, et al. Space charge accumulation and stress distortion in polyethylene under high DC voltage and temperature gradient[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2011, 26(3): 13-19.
[22] Lewis T J.Nanometric dielectrics[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1994, 1(5): 812-825.
[23] Nelson J K, Fothergill J C, Dissado L A, et al.Towards an understanding of nanometric dielectrics[C]//2002 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, Cancun, 2002: 295-298.
[24] Kurnianto R, Murakami Y, Hozumi N, et al.Characterization of tree growth in filled epoxy resin: the effect of filler and moisture contents[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2007, 14(2): 427-435.
[25] Fleming R J, Ammala A, Casey P S, et al.Conductivity and space charge in LDPE/BaSrTiO₃ nanocomposites[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2011, 18(1): 15-23.
[26] Lau K Y, Vaughan A S, Chen G.Nanodielectrics: opportunities and challenges[J]. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 2015, 31(4): 45-54.
[27] Tanaka T, Imai T.Advances in nanodielectric materials over the past 50 years[J]. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 2013, 29(1): 10-23.
[28] Roy M, Nelson J K, Maccrone R K, et al.Polymer nanocomposite dielectrics-the role of the interface[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2005, 12(4): 629-643.
[29] Smith R C, Liang C, Landry M, et al.The mechanisms leading to the useful electrical properties of polymer nanodielectrics[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2008, 15(1): 187-196.
[30] Ishimoto K, Tanaka T, Ohki Y, et al.Comparison of dielectric properties of low-density polyethylene/ MgO composites with different size fillers[C]//2008 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, Quebec, 2008: 208-211.
[31] Green C D, Vaughan A S, Mitchell G R, et al.Structure property relationships in polyethylene/ montmorillonite nanodielectrics[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2008, 15(1): 134-143.
[32] Murata Y, Goshowaki M, Reddy C, et al.Investigation of space charge distribution and volume resistivity of XLPE/MgO nanocomposite material under DC voltage application[C]//IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials, Mie, 2008: 502-505.
[33] Maekawa Y, Yamaguchi A, Hara M, et al.Research and development of XLPE insulated DC cable[J]. IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy, 2008, 112(10): 905-913.
[34] Fleming R, Ammala A, Lang S, et al.Conductivity and space charge in LDPE containing nano and micro sized ZnO particles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2008, 15(1): 118-126.
[35] 王霞, 成霞, 陈少卿, 等. 纳米ZnO/低密度聚乙烯复合材料的介电特性[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2008, 28(19): 13-19.Wang Xia, Cheng Xia, Chen Shaoqing, et al. Dielectric properties of the composites of nano-ZnO/low-density polyethylene[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2008, 28(19): 13-19.
[36] Wang Xia, Lü Zepeng, Wu Kai, et al.Study of the factors that suppress space charge accumulation in LDPE nanocomposites[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2014, 21(4): 1670-1679.
[37] Fleming R, Pawlowski T, Ammala A, et al.Electrical conductivity and space charge in LDPE containing TiO₂ nano-particles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2005, 12(4): 745-753.
[38] Li Shengtao, Zhao Ni, Nie Yongjie, et al.Space charge characteristics of LDPE nanocomposite/LDPE insulation system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2015, 22(1): 92-100.
[39] 郑煜, 吴建东, 王俏华, 等. 空间电荷与直流电导联合测试技术用于纳米MgO抑制XLPE中空间电荷的研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2012, 27(5): 126-131.Zheng Yu, Wu Jiandong, Wang Qiaohua, et al. Research on the space charge suppressing mechanism of nano-MgO in XLPE with a joint measuring technology of DC conduction and space charge[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2012, 27(5): 126-131.
[40] Murata Y, Kanaoka M.Development history of HVDC extruded cable with nanocomposite material[C]//8th International Conference on Properties and applications of Dielectric Materials, Bali, 2006: 460-463.
[41] Murakami Y, Nemoto M, Okuzumi S, et al.DC conduction and electrical breakdown of MgO/LDPE nanocomposite[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2008, 15(1): 33-39.
[42] 王雅群, 尹毅, 李旭光, 等. 等温松弛电流用于10kV XLPE电缆寿命评估的方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2009, 24(9): 33-37.Wang Yaqun, Yin Yi, Li Xuguang, et al. The method of lifetime evaluation on 10 kV XLPE cables by isothermal relaxation current[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2009, 24(9): 33-37.
[43] 尹桂来. 聚合物基纳米复合电介质工频和直流击穿特性的研究[D]. 西安: 西安交通大学, 2012.
[44] Ma Dongling, Siegel R W, Hong J, et al.Influence of nanoparticle surfaces on the electrical breakdown strength of nanoparticle-filled low-density polyethylene[J]. Journal of Materials Research, 2004, 19(3): 857-863.
[45] 张晓虹, 高俊国, 郭宁, 等. 纳米蒙脱土对聚乙烯击穿和电导特性的影响[J]. 高电压技术, 2009, 35(1): 129-134.Zhang Xiaohong, Gao Junguo, Guo Ning, et al. Influences of nano-montmorillonite on breakdown and electrical conductivity of polyethylene[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2009, 35(1): 129-134.
[46] Lewis T J.Interfaces are the dominant feature of dielectrics at the nanometric level[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2004, 11(5): 739-753.
[47] Tanaka T, Kozako M, Fuse N, et al.Proposal of a multi-core model for polymer nanocomposite dielectrics[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2005, 12(4): 669-681.
[48] Tsagaropoulos G, Eisenberg A.Dynamic mechanical study of the factors affecting the two-glass transition behavior of filled polymers. Similarities and differences with random ionomers[J]. Macromolecules, 1995, 28(18): 6067-6077.
[49] Chen Zou, Fothergill J C, Rowe S W.The effect of water absorption on the dielectric properties of epoxy nanocomposites[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2008, 15(1): 106-117.
[50] Raetzke S, Kindersberger J.Role of interphase on the resistance to high-voltage arcing, on tracking and erosion of silicone/SiO₂ nanocomposites[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2010, 17(2): 607-614.
[51] Tanaka T.A quantum dot model for permittivity of polymer nanocomposites[C]//2006 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, Toronto, 2016: 40-43.
[52] Tanaka T.A novel concept for electronic transport in nanoscale spaces formed by islandic multi-cored nanoparticles[C]//IEEE International Conference on Dielectrics, Montpellier, 2016: 23-26.
[53] 张丽霞, 齐鲁. 纳米粒子在聚合物中的分散研究进展[J]. 合成纤维, 2008, 37(8): 11-19.Zhang Lixia, Qi Lu. The research progress on the dispersion of nanoparticles in the polymer[J]. Synthetic Fibers, 2008, 37(8): 11-19.
[54] Roy M, Reed C W, Maccrone R K, et al.Evidence for the role of the interface in polyolefin nanocomposites[C]//IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials, Kitakyushu, 2005: 223-226.
[55] Huang Xingyi, Jiang Pingkai, Yin Yi.Nanoparticle surface modification induced space charge suppression in linear low-density polyethylene[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2009, 95(24): 1546-1548.
[56] Zhang Ling, Zhou Yuanxiang, Huang Meng, et al.Effect of nanoparticle surface modification on charge transport characteristics in XLPE/SiO₂ nanocomposites[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2014, 21(2): 424-433.
[57] Zhang Ling, Zhou Yuanxiang, Cui Xiaoyang, et al.Effect of nanoparticle surface modification on breakdown and space charge behavior of XLPE/SiO₂ nanocomposites[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2014, 21(4): 1554-1564.
[58] 钟琼霞, 兰莉, 吴建东, 等. 不同表面处理剂对纳米MgO/LDPE空间电荷行为的影响[J]. 高电压技术, 2014, 40(9): 2668-2677.Zhong Qiongxia, Lan Li, Wu Jiandong, et al. Effect of different surface treatments on space charge behavior in nano-MgO/LDPE[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2014, 40(9): 2668-2677.
[59] 田付强. 聚乙烯基无机纳米复合电介质的陷阱特性与电性能研究[D]. 北京: 北京交通大学, 2012.
[60] Li Zhonglei, Du Boxue, Han Chenlei, et al.Trap modulated charge carrier transport in polyethylene/ graphene nanocomposites[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7(1): 4015-4023.
[61] Kim Y J, Ha S T, Lee G J, et al.Investigation of space charge distribution of low-density polyethylene/GO- GNF (graphene oxide from graphite nanofiber) nanocomposite for HVDC application[J]. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2013, 13(5): 3464-3469.
[62] Fréchette M F, Vanga B C, Fabiani D, et al.Graphene-based polymer composites: what about it for the HV electrotechnical arena[C]//IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference, Seattle, 2015: 483-487.
[63] Belli S, Perego G, Bareggi A, et al.P-laser: breakthrough in power cable systems[C]//IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation, San Diego, 2010: 1-5.
[64] Lee J S, Cho K C, Ku K H, et al.Recyclable insulation material based on polyethylene for power cable[C]//International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis. Piscataway: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Bali, 2012: 88-90.
[65] Li Lunzhi, Zhang Kai, Zhong Lisheng, et al.Dielectric behaviors of recyclable thermo-plastic polyolefin blends for extruded cables[C]//IEEE Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, Sydney, 2015: 180-183.
[66] Zhang Kai, Li Lunzhi, Zhong Lisheng, et al.The mechanical properties of recyclable cable insulation materials based on thermo-plastic polyolefin blends[C]//IEEE Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, Sydney, 2015: 532-535.
[67] Green C D, Vaughan A S, Stevens G C, et al.Recyclable power cable comprising a blend of slow-crystallized polyethylene[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2013, 20(1): 1-9.
[68] 崔明硕, 马军, 屠德民. 共混改善聚乙烯空间电荷分布的研究[J]. 绝缘材料, 2005, 38(6): 39-47.Cui Mingshuo, Ma Jun, Tu Demin. Study on space charge in LDPE blended by LLDPE[J]. Insulation Materials, 2005, 38(6): 39-47.
[69] Green C D, Vaughan A S, Stevens G C, et al. Electrical and mechanical properties of new recyclable power cable insulation materials based upon polyethylene blends[C]//International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering, Hannover, 2011: E-0391-6.
[70] Kwon J H, Park M H, Lim K J, et al.Investigation on electrical characteristics of HDPE mixed with EVA applied for recyclable power cable insulation[C]// IEEE International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis, Bali, 2013: 1039-1042.
[71] Ashcraft A C, Eichhorn R M, Shaw R G.Laboratory studies of treeing in solid dielectrics and voltage stabilization of polyethylene[C]//IEEE International Conference on Electrical Insulation, Montreal, 1976: 213-218.
[72] Gao Liangyu, Tu Demin, Qiu Bin, et al.Effect of ferrocene derivatives on the dielectric properties of polyethylene[C]//IEEE International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, Tokyo, 1991: 796-799.
[73] 高良玉, 黄根龙. 提高聚乙烯树技化性能和机理的研究[J]. 应用科学学报, 1994(4): 349-354.Gao Liangyu, Huang Genlong. Study on enhanced treeing property for polyethylene by effective voltage stabilizers[J]. Journal of Applied Science, 1994(4): 349-354.
[74] Wuerstlin F, Feichtmayr F.Electrical insulating compositions based on olefin polymers: US, US3674695[P]. 1972.
[75] Kisin S, Doelder J D, Eaton R F, et al.Quantum mechanical criteria for choosing appropriate voltage stabilization additives for polyethylene[J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2009, 94(2): 171-175.
[76] Yamano Y.Roles of polycyclic compounds in increasing breakdown strength of LDPE film[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2006, 13(4): 773-781.
[77] Minami R, Hirai N, Ohki Y, et al.Effects of liquid chemicals on space charge evolution in low-density polyethylene[C]//IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials, Himeji, 2001: 87-90.
[78] Hussin N, Chen G.Analysis of space charge formation in LDPE in the presence of crosslinking byproducts[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2012, 19(1): 126-133.
[79] Hirota K, Kanemitu Y, Kamada N, et al.The influence of antioxidants on electrical tree generation in XLPE[J]. Electrical Engineering in Japan, 2001, 135(3): 1-7.
[80] Sekii Y, Tanaka D, Saito M, et al.Effects of antioxidants on the initiation and growth of electrical trees in XLPE[C]//IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, Albuquerque, 1964: 661-665.
[81] Sekii Y, Kawanami H, Saito M, et al.DC tree and grounded DC tree in XLPE[C]//IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, Nashville, 2005: 523-526.
[82] 李忠华, 尹毅. 自由基清除剂类电压稳定剂的温度和浓度效应[J]. 电工技术学报, 1999, 14(1): 40-44.Li Zhonghua, Yin Yi. The temperature and content effects of voltage stabilizer capturing free radicals[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 1999, 14(1): 40-44.
[83] Jarvid M, Johansson A, Englund V, et al.High electron affinity: a guiding criterion for voltage stabilizer design[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2015, 3(14): 7273-7286.
[84] Zhang Hui, Shang Yan, Wang Xuan, et al.Mechanisms on electrical breakdown strength increment of polyethylene by aromatic carbonyl compounds addition: a theoretical study[J]. Journal of Molecular Modeling, 2013, 19(12): 5429-5438.
[85] Zhang Hui, Shang Yan, Zhao Hong, et al.Study of the effect of valence bond isomerizations on electrical breakdown by adding acetophenone to polyethylene as voltage stabilizers[J]. Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, 2015, 1062: 99-104.
[86] Jarvid M, Johansson A, Englund V, et al.Electrical tree inhibition by voltage stabilizers[C]//Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, Montreal, 2012: 605-608.
[87] Englund V, Huuva R, Gubanski S M, et al.High efficiency voltage stabilizers for XLPE cable insulation[J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2009, 94(5): 823-833.
[88] Jarvid M, Johansson A, Bjuggren J M, et al.Tailored side chain architecture of benzil voltage stabilizers for enhanced dielectric strength of cross-linked polyethylene[J]. Journal of Polymer Science Part B Polymer Physics, 2014, 52(16): 1047-1054.
[89] Bostrom J O, Marsden E, Hampton R N, et al.Electrical stress enhancement of contaminants in XLPE insulation used for power cables[J]. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 2003, 19(4): 6-12.
[90] 贾欣, 刘英, 曹晓珑. 国产高压XLPE电缆绝缘中允许杂质尺寸的试验研究及方法[J]. 电线电缆, 2003(6): 22-25.Jia Xin, Liu Ying, Cao Xiaolong. Investigation into and test method of the permissible sizes of impurities in homemade HV XLPE cable insulation[J]. Electric Wire and Cable, 2003(6): 22-25.
[91] 王文清, 王雪梅. 电缆料的开发现状及发展动向[J]. 合成树脂及塑料, 2003, 20(4): 6-9.Wang Wenqing, Wang Xuemei. The current status and development trend of cable insulant[J]. Synthetic Resin and Plastics, 2003, 20(4): 6-9.