电磁脉冲板件焊接设备研制及镁/铝合金板焊接实验研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.200295

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摘要镁合金、铝合金作为轻质材料,因具有优异性能可替代传统钢材而广泛应用于轻量化设备制造中。然而,由于镁合金与铝合金物理、化学性能存在差异,使得传统工艺难以实现两者之间的良好焊接。电磁脉冲焊接（EMPW）借助电磁力实现金属材料的冶金结合,有望解决镁合金、铝合金的焊接难题。为探究电磁脉冲焊接镁合金-铝合金的可行性及影响因素,该文从电磁脉冲焊接原理着手,研制出一套28kJ的电磁脉冲焊接设备原型机,并在此基础上研究镁合金板（基板）、铝合金板（飞板）电磁脉冲焊接所需外部条件（放电电压和焊接间隙）以及镁合金自身力学特征对焊接条件的影响。结果显示：电磁脉冲焊接技术能够实现镁合金、铝合金板件的可靠焊接;在一定范围内,放电电压的升高能够提高接头的机械性能;焊接间隙的增加使接头的机械性能先提高后降低。此外,镁合金板件自身特殊结构导致的力学各向异性也将影响接头的机械性能,相同条件下,与轧制方向成0°时,焊接所得接头拉伸强度最佳;与轧制方向成90°时,接头拉伸强度最低。该文可为电磁脉冲焊接镁合金-铝合金板件提供技术支撑和理论参考。

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关键词 ：电磁脉冲焊接, 镁合金, 铝合金, 各向异性, 接头强度

Abstract：Magnesium alloys and aluminum alloys are used in industry as light metals. Because of the excellent properties, they are expected to replace steel in the manufacture of lightweight equipment. However, due to the differences in physical and chemical properties of magnesium alloys and aluminum alloys, it is difficult to achieve reliable welding in traditional processes. Electromagnetic pulse welding (EMPW) technology applies electromagnetic force to achieve metallurgical bonding between metal materials, which is expected to solve the welding problems of magnesium alloys and aluminum alloys. In order to explore the feasibility and influencing factors of EMPW of magnesium alloys and aluminum alloys, based on the principle of EMPW, this paper developed a set of 28kJ EMPW equipment for plates. Then the external conditions (discharge voltage and welding gap) required for EMPW of magnesium alloy plates (parent plates) and aluminum alloy plates (flying plates) were developed. The influence of the magnesium's characteristics on the properties of joints was also studied in experiments. The results show that the reliable welding of magnesium alloy plates and aluminum alloy plates can be achieved by EMPW. Within a certain range, the welding performance will be improved with the increase of discharge voltage. The mechanical properties of the joint first increase and then decrease with the increase of the welding gap. Moreover, the mechanical anisotropy caused by the particular structure of the magnesium alloy plates will affect the joint performance. Specifically, under the same conditions, the tensile strength of the welded joint is the biggest and the worst when the angle between the welding direction and the rolling direction is 0°and 90°, respectively. This paper can provide technical support and reference for EMPW of magnesium alloys and aluminum alloys.

Key words： Electromagnetic pulse welding magnesium alloy aluminum alloy anisotropy joint strength

收稿日期: 2020-03-24

PACS:

TM89

基金资助:重庆市研究生科研创新资助项目（CYB19018, CYS19041）

通讯作者: 李成祥,男,1979年生,研究员,博士生导师,研究方向为脉冲功率技术及其应用。E-mail:lichengxiang@cqu.edu.cn

作者简介: 杜建,男,1994年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为电磁脉冲焊接技术。E-mail:20134174@cqu.edu.cn

引用本文:

李成祥, 杜建, 周言, 沈婷, 姚陈果. 电磁脉冲板件焊接设备研制及镁/铝合金板焊接实验研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(10): 2018-2027. Li Chengxiang, Du Jian, Zhou Yan, Shen Ting, Yao Chenguo. Development of Electromagnetic Pulse Welding Equipment for Plates and Experimental Research on Magnesium/Aluminum Alloy Welding. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(10): 2018-2027.

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