叶片模拟冰对风力发电机功率特性影响的试验研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.191272

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摘要叶片覆冰会影响风力发电机（简称风力机）的稳定运行。该文针对小型风力机,以叶片流线冰和角状冰为基础,采用粘性材料模拟方式,系统地研究覆冰质量、驻点厚度等因素对风力机功率和转速的影响,同时,得到风力机功率曲线并与洁净情况对比。研究结果表明:在相同风速下,随覆冰质量和驻点厚度的增加,风力机的平均功率损失、瞬时功率最大值的降幅以及平均转速损失均逐渐增大;不同材料模拟叶片覆冰带来的平均功率损失不同,采用轻黏土和腻子模拟雾凇时,其平均功率损失较采用彩泥和腻子模拟雨凇时小;同流线冰相比,角状冰会带来更多的气动载荷损失,对叶片整体气动性能和风力机功率特性影响更大。研究结果可为风力机在覆冰环境下的性能评估提供参考,对保证风力机的安全运行具有重要意义。

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关键词 ：风力发电机, 叶片流线冰, 叶片角状冰, 功率特性

Abstract：The blade icing will affect the stable operation of the wind turbine.In this paper,based on the streamline ice and horn type ice of blade,viscous material simulation method is used to study the influence of icing quality,stagnation point thickness and other factors on the power and speed of small wind turbines.At the same time,the power curve of wind turbines is compared with that in the clean situation.The results show that at the same wind speed,with the increase of icing weight and stagnation point thickness,the average power loss,the decrease in maximum instantaneous power and the average rotational speed loss increase gradually.The average power loss of simulated blade icing with different materials is different.When using light clay and putty to simulate the rime,the average power loss is smaller than when using colored clay and putty to simulate glaze.Compared with streamline ice,horn type ice will bring more aerodynamic load loss,which has a greater impact on the overall aerodynamic performance of blades and power characteristics of wind turbine.This paper can provide a reference for the performance evaluation of wind turbines in the icing environment,and is of great significance for ensuring the safe operation of wind turbines.

Key words： Wind turbine streamline ice on blades horn type ice on blades power characteristics

收稿日期: 2019-09-28

PACS:

TM315

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(51677014,51977016)和重庆市重点产业共性关键技术创新专项(cstc2015zdcy-ztzx70014)资助

通讯作者: 杨大川,男,1994年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为风力发电机叶片覆冰与防冰问题。E-mail:1337504419@qq.com

作者简介: 胡琴,男,1981年生,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电网及风电场防冰减灾。E-mail:huqin@cqu.edu.cn

引用本文:

胡琴, 杨大川, 蒋兴良, 张石强, 董静军. 叶片模拟冰对风力发电机功率特性影响的试验研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(22): 4807-4815. Hu Qin, Yang Dachuan, Jiang Xingliang, Zhang Shiqiang, Dong Jingjun. Experimental Study on the Effect of Blade Simulated Icing on Power Characteristics of Wind Turbine. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(22): 4807-4815.

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